Depression Flashcards
(22 cards)
what are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
- lethargy, lower activity levels
- disruption to sleep/eating
- aggression and self harm
what are the emotional characteristics of depression?
- lowered mood
- anger
- lowered self-esteem
what are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
- poor concentration
- attending to and dwelling on the negative
- absolutist thinking
what is Beck’s theory?
theory that explains depression cognitively.
what does Becks’s theory involve?
- faulty information processing
- negative self-schema
- negative triad
what is faulty information processing?
when someone attend to the negative aspects of life and focuses on them, absolutist thinking
what is a negative self-schema?
a negative view of yourself whenever we encounter a self-relevant situation.
what is involved in the negative triad?
negative views of:
1. the world
2. yourself
3. the future
what is one strength of Beck’s theory of depression?
- existence of supporting research, Beck had research support that showed cognitive vulnerability in people with depression which could precede the depression, this shows there is an association between cognitive vulnerability and depression.
- applications in treatment and screenings, cognitive vulnerability can be used in CBT and to monitor vulnerable individuals, this means cognitive vulnerability is important in more than one part of clinical practice.
What is Ellis’ ABC model of depression?
the idea that bad mental health is the result of irrational thoughts and vice versa.
What did Ellis define irrational thoughts as?
any thought that interferes with us being happy.
What did Ellis’ ABC model stand for?
A - activating event
B - belief
C - consequence
“life must always be fair” is called what?
utopianism
“I must always succeed” is called what?
musterbation
what is one strength of Ellis’ theory?
- real world application in treatments, Ellis’ approach to cognitive therapy is called REBT (rational emotive behavioural therapy), where the therapist argues with the client about the irrational thoughts that make them unhappy, this means REBT has real world value.
what is one limitation of Ellis’ ABC model?
- it only explains reactive depression and not endogenous depression, many cases of depression are not traceable to past experiences, this means it can only explain some cases.
What was Beck’s cognitive therapy?
identifying the negative thoughts through the negative triad and disputing them, using the client as the scientist.
what was Ellis’ cognitive therapy?
REBT, which extended the ABC model to ABCDE, where d stands for dispute and E stands for effect, aims to identify and challenge irrational beliefs.
how does REBT challenge irrational thoughts?
through empirical arguments
what is the goal of behavioural activation?
to encourage those with depression to become less isolated and more active.
what is one strength for CBT?
- evidence supporting the effectiveness for treating depression, March found that CBT was just as effective as antidepressants, and more effective with both, 81% with just CBT, and 86% with both, this means CBT is effective and widely chosen.
What is one weakness of CBT?
- lack of effectiveness for severe cases, those with learning disabilities or severe cases may not be able to concentrate on the CBT suggested by Sturmey, this suggests CBT may only be suitable for certain people.
- high relapse rates, Ali et al found that 53% of participants who had CBT had relapsed within a year, suggesting CBT may need to be repeated occasionally.
