Depression Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is depression
Cognitive features
Emotional factors
Physical factors
Behavioural features
How would the DSM diagnose depression
Over a 2 week period Depressed mood all day everyday day Lost of interest in usually enjoyable activities Insomnia Fatigue Persistent suicidal thought
What is the manic episode DSM criteria
Over 1 week Inflated self esteem Decreased need for sleep More talkative than usual Racing thoughts
What is dsythmic disorder
Persistent features of depression
What is the classification for bipolar 1 and 2
1 - atleast one manic episode
2- major depressive order and a shorter manic episode
Why is there a high comorbity for depression
Depression caused by other problems?
Depression causes other problems
Diagnostic categories
Common underlying process
What are the causes of depression
Vulnerability Stressful life events Being let down Sever life events Loss Humiliation
How does the biological model explain depression
Depleted serotonin, noradrenaline and or dopamine
What are the problems with this model
Not all depressed people have depleted serotonin levels
SSRIs work within hours but take weeks to work
Depression is associated with a reduced activation of what
Prefrontal cortex
Anterior cingulate
Hippocampus
Depression is associated with an increase activity of what
Amygdaloid
People with depression have a reduced left PFC which means what
They have an increase for developing depression
What stress hormone can be associated with depression
Cortisol. Excess cortisol can mean you have a predisposition heightened response to stress
How does the psychodynamic theory explain depression
Importance of attachment and relationships in early childhood for the development of the mind and brain
This contributes to the internal representation of themselves and others
What are BLATTS types of depression
1- dependant = feelings of loneliness and helplessness which can be a results of neglectful parenting
2- self critical = feelings of unworthiness, failure and guilt which can be a result of critical parenting
Name 5 early events that increase the risk of developing depression
Abuse Neglect Domestic violence Loss or spreading Over protective parenting
How would the behavioural theory explain depression
It’s a result of learnt idea that you don’t have control over stopping negative events and therefore you give up trying
How would the cognitive model explain depression?
Occurs when life events active schemes formed in early childhood
Negative views of oneself
Negative views of the world
Negative review of the future
How does CBT work?
Identifying and challenging negative automatic thoughts
How do you treat bipolar
Medication = mood stabilisers and anti - depressants
Psycho education = personal formulation and recognising triggers
What is a manic episode
A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy
What is cyclothymic disorder
persistent (2yrs) fluctuation between low-level depressive and manic symptoms
What gene is associated with the risk of depression
s/s allele of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT)
Elevated cortisol lowers what?
Serotonin levels
