Depression Flashcards

Question

depression attributions: external

Answer 1

if they were to see this as due to circumstances beyond their control (external), as an event that was unique to this situation (specific), and as something that did not represent any future pattern (unstable) they should be able to handle this well emotionally.

Answer 2

This has to do with how you perceive the permanence of a situation. Is it changing across time or unchanging? Do you expect things to get better or worse, or stay exactly as they are for a long time? This can make a difference in how stressful something seems. If you are taking a stressful class in school, you at least know that the class will be over in a few months (whereas a stressful job may be something to deal with for years).

Answer 3

Is a stressor universal throughout your life (that is, pervasive)? Or is it specific to a part of your life? A good example of this is the feeling of having good or bad luck. If you feel yourself to be unlucky (bad luck pervades throughout your life), one negative experience may seem like an omen that more bad things are to come. Likewise, if you attribute a poor performance at work as being due to something global like a perceived inability to do the job well, one failure may seem like a sign of more failures to come. Someone who views one poor performance as being a sign of a bad day or lack of sleep—something more local and less global—will have an easier time shaking off one failure.

Answer 4

Do you see the cause of an event as within yourself (personalization) or outside yourself? If you are having a difficult day and you see it as being "your fault," you'll feel more stressed than if you see it as due to factors other than you. Likewise, when you are facing conflict with others, seeing the problem as being rooted in something that is "their problem" rather than "your fault" can help you to take things less personally and feel less hurt. If many people have the same complaints about you, it helps to look at what they are saying to assess whether there is something you may want to change. But generally, it helps to know that many of people's complaints can have more to do with them than with you.

Answer 5

People who are depressed may act in ways: | genuinely negative effect on others// alienation from social support network

Answer 6

Evidence Poor social networks (all eggs in few baskets) Few positive social behaviours Elicit negative reactions from others Marital discord Insecurity in relationships (e.g., frequent reassurance-seeking)

Answer 7

``` Why 2:1 Bio Cortisol Gender ratio Estrogen : progesterone ratio Psycho Rumination Social Interpersonal (cost of caring) Type of traumatic events Chronic negative events Poverty Sexual harrassment Lack of affirmation/power in intimate relationships ```

Answer 8

``` Predicts • Low confidence in own solutions • Failure to act on solutions Drives others away Depressed ruminators more likely to stay depressed Focus on emotion Women – sadness Men – anger Anxiety link? ```

Answer 9

schema> stress hormones(bio)> lack of social support/relationship problems = mood disorder

Answer 10

pharma> SSRI/SNRI 3 - 12 weeks/ SAD light therapy

Answer 11

ECT - risk: confusion/memory loss// works quickly// electricity induced seizure

Answer 12

magnetic stimulation of brain> new, poorly understood > non-invasive

Answer 13

CBT Primary Control Problem-solving Secondary Control Maladaptive cognitions Attention Behavioural activation

Depression Flashcards

(37 cards)