Depression and Mood Disorders Basic Science Flashcards
What does the 2R, 6R-HNK metabolite of ketamine cause?
Enhances AMPAR transmission
Aleksandrova et al 2018
What is the proposed mechanism of action of ketamine?
Non-competitive antagonism of inhibitory interneurons
What may ketamine increase?
Strength between dendritic spines and synaptogenesis
How do we know that (2R, 62)-HNK is the active metabolite here?
In shuttle box task, the increase in escape were equal with ketamine and HNK mice
Zanos et al
How does HNK affect hippocampus fEPSPs ?
Increases them in CA1 region
Zanos et al 2016
How does high dose tianeptine increase hippocampal activity?
Increases hippocampal AMPAR activity and LTP
Zhang et al 2013
Place recognition memory is worse with tianeptine
T/F
False
Tianeptine increases place recognition (probs bc it increases hippocampal functionin)
What evidence is there that tianeptine is useful as an antidepressant?
Shows dose-dependent reduction in immobility in the forced swim test
Samuels et al 2017
Which type of opioid receptor does tianeptine work on?
Delta opioid
How is the PFC affected in depression?
Activity and spine density reduced
Then reduced activation of NAc MSNs by glutamate
What does the MSN activity reduction in the NAc clinically present as?
Anhedonia
Which PFC activity markers are reduced in depression?
Immediate early genes eg c-FOS, Arc and Zif268
Seen post-mortem
Covington et al 2010
Why do we think that the reduction in PFC activity markers are linked to depression?
They are reduced in mice models
in social defeat model of depression
Optogenetic activation of the PFC causes…?
Increased social interaction
Anti-depressant effects
Describe hippocampus activity in treatment resistant depression
Abnormally high
Johnston et al 2015
