Depression, Psychosis and Personality Disorders Flashcards
what are common symptoms of depression?
- low mood
- sleep disturbance
- reduced interest & motivation
- loss of confidence & self esteem
- recurrent thoughts of death & suicide
- any form of anxiety
- unreasonable self-reproach & guilt
how many types of bipolar spectrum disorders are there?
2
Bipolar 1
- Mania
Bipolar 2
- Cyclothymia
- Hypomania
whats the main difference between bipolar 1 and 2?
Bipolar 1 - 1+ manic/mixed episodes (abnormally elevated/irritable mood)
Bipolar 2 - 1+ episodes of major depression, persistent period of sadness/loss of interest with AT LEAST 1 hypomanic episode (mild mania)
Summary:
1 - manic episodes
2 - hypomanic & depressive episodes
how can you treat mood disorders?
PSYCHOLOGICAL
- cognitive therapy
- interpersonal psychotherapies
DRUG TREATMENT (2 years)
- antidepressant
- mood stabilising
PHYSICAL
- exercise
- phototherapy
- ECT
what are the drugs used in mood disorders?
Antidepressants:
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Venlafaxine/Mirtazapine
- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
Mood stabilising drugs:
- Lithium
- Carbamazepine
- Valproate
- Lamotrigine
what are the direct drug effects from antidepressants within dentistry?
- dry mouth - caries
- sedation
- facial dyskinesias (erratic/jerking movement)
May interfere with other drugs or LA
What is schizophrenia?
a severe mental disorder that causes hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and abnormal behaviors.
how can you manage schizophrenia?
psychological therapy:
- cognitive remedy
- family intervention
Drug therapy:
- oral or depot IM injection
- dopamine ANTAGONIST drugs
- atypical antipsychotics
what are types of antipsychotic drugs?
butyrophenones, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes
what are the side effects of antipsychotics?
- Akathisia (restlessness, hard to sit down or still)
- Dystonia (involuntary muscle contraction causing painful positions)
- Parkinsonism (too little dopamine, similar symptoms to parkinsons patient)
- Tardive dyskinesia (uncontrollable facial movements)
what are types of eating disorders?
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia
- comfort eating
what is anorexia nervosa?
altered perception of body image -> not eating
what is bulimia?
they are in a normal weight but decide to start binge vomiting food
what is comfort eating?
used as a coping strategy for anxiety
