Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

psych > depressive disorders > Flashcards

depressive disorders Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

depressive disorders similarities

A

all share symptoms of sadness, emptiness, irritabliity, somatic (body) concerns, and impairment of thinking
impact a persons ability to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common mental heath problem

A

major depressive disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disruptive mood regulation disorder

A

irritable, fits, violet
adolescents up to age 18 being diagnosed with bipolar, usually get diagnosed with bipolar in adulthood
kinda a childhood disorder you age out of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

have symptoms for a year or two all the time
still productive member of society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A

relieved by menses arriving
uncomfortable in their own skin, irritable, agitated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

substance induce depressive disorder

A

both substance itself and its withdrawl can lead to depression, the high bottoms you out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

depressive disorders due to another medical condition

A

open heart surgery
cancer
Parkinson’s
terminal illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

depression statistics

A

depression is the leading cause of disability in the US
about 1in 20 people
children often unrecognized and prevalence is 11%
early onset more likely to have recurrence
up to 5% in older adults in community and 11% in hospital –> high suicide risk
comorbidity for other psych disorders especially anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

genetic etiology depression

A

37% incidence in identical twin is depressed
genetic influences linked to early onset and recurrence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

biochemical etiology depression

A

serotonin is low in the cells and high in the synaptic gap
norepinephrine
dopamine
glutamate
acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mild/moderate depression nonpharm treatment

A

aerobic exercise for 45 ninutes 5 days awake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

depression hormones

A

hypothalamic pituitary adrenal cortical axis involvement relate to behavior and attention
increased cortisol –> dexamethasone suppression test
inflammation –> c reactive protein and elevated biomarkers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

depression psychological etiology: cognitive theoty

A

aaron beck and his daughter –> nonpharm depression treatment
triad: helpless time, helpless thoughts, helpless world
help them work through negative thoughts
learned helplessness: feeling powerless in a situation and being unable to go about your day after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

depression assessment health questionnaire

A

anergia (lack of energy)
anxiety
affect (sad)
psych agitation or retardation (really fast or slow)
vegetative signs –> mood motor activity speech (mute)
chronic pain
religious beliefs and spirituality
thought processes –> difficulty problem solving
mood/feelings –> worthless (low self esteem, guilt), anxious, hopeless/ helpless
communication–> feel like they don’t belong
decreased hygiene
sleep habits –> hyper/insomnia
bowel habits —> hyper/hypoactive
decreased libido due to decrease serotonin and norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

suicide prediction depression

A

hard to predict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

common screening tools depression

A

columbia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

depression nursing diagnosis

A

risk for suicide –> safety!
hopelessness –> number one indicator for suicide
ineffective coping
social isolation
spiritual distress
self care deficit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

recovery model depression

A

focus on patients strengths –> have you ever been through this before? you’ve made it through 100% of your worst days
treatment goals mutually developed
based on patients personal needs and values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

depression care planning is geared towards

A

patients phase of depression
particular symptoms
patients personal goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

acute depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

6-12 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

continuation depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

4-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

maintenance depression phase of treatment and recovery

A

1 year and beyond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

communication with someone with depression

A

presence, silence, explore assumptions (negative thoughts), overgeneralizations, self blame
sit with the patient for 5 minutes
thank them for sitting together
clarify what they’re saying

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

depression health teaching

A

choice
management of chronic illness
psychotherapy and medication
symptom recognition and management
stress management
family involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
self care health teaching depression
nutrition sleep hygiene activity
26
depression safety teaching
multidisciplinary to give them choice of who to open up to suicide assessment and precautions
27
medications depression clinical benefits timeline
1-3 weeks after initiation --> people get discouraged and become noncompliant adequate trial is 6-9 months
28
how is an antidepressant choseb
family history genetics ease diet side effect profiles need a washout period if you're switching classes
29
SSRI MOA
first line treatment block uptake of serotonin so more is available in the cell also used for anxiety and OCD
30
SSRI side effects
agitation sleep disturbances tremor sexual dysfunction headache autonomic effects
31
serotonin syndrome
abdominal pain diarrhea increased BP HR temp delerium muscle spasms irritable shock/death caution with two antidepressants or herbal supplements don't take st johns wart
32
fuoxetine/ prozac
menopause symptoms may cause restlessness and insomnia in the beginning
33
sertraline zoloft
sedative property --> helps with sleep may cause GI distress
34
paroxetine paxil
most anticholinergic side effects
35
citalopram celexa
QT prolongation --> electrolyte disturbances
36
Serotonin partial agonist reuptake inhibitors (SPARI)
Vilazodone (Vilbryd) Side effect profile is neutral
37
Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)`
SSRIs may be tolerated better Examples Venlafaxine (Effexor) Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq) Duloxetine (Cymbalta) Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
38
Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors
Nefazodone (formerly sold as Serzone) Trazodone (formerly sold as Desyrel) (Oleptro) Brexpiprazole (Rexulti) Vilazodone (Vilbryd) Vortioxetine (Trintellix)
39
Norepinephrine and serotonin-specific antidepressants
Mirtazapine (Remeron) Good for sleep
40
Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors
Bupropion (Wellbutrin) (Zyban) Smoking cessation
41
Tricyclic antidepressants MOA
Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin Therapeutic dose reached 2-8 weeks
42
Tricyclic antidepressant adverse and side effects
Side effects: anticholinergic, postural hypotension (sit up before standing), tachycardia Toxic effects: cardiac rhythm,, heart block, MI Anticholinergic adverse reactions → urinary retention, hypertension
43
Tricyclic antidepressant drug interactions
MAOI, barbiturates, disulfiram, oral contraceptives, estrogen, alcohol, antihypertensives (clonidine, reserpine)
44
Tricyclic antidepressant examples
Nortriptyline (Pamelor) Amitriptyline (Elavil) Imipramine (Tofranil)
45
MAOI general
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) First to come out → was a first line for a while Now is a last resort if they’ve tried everything else Effective for unconventional depression Monoamine oxidase breaks down serotonin, dopamine → stops that so chemicals can stay
46
MAOI diet
Adheres to restrictive diet of foods and drugs (tyramine free) Wine, beer, cheese, chocolate, pickles
47
MAOI indication
hypersomnia, overeating, anxiety disorders
48
MAOI side effect
orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, cardiac rhythm changes, insomnia, fatigue, anticholinergic
49
MAOI toxic effect
hypertensive crisis, need to monitor vital signs
50
MAOI examples
Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Phenelzine (Nardil) Selegiline (EMSAM) Tranylcypromine (Parnate)
51
antidepressants in pregnancy
inconclusive Some preterm, congenital malformations MAOI and TCA SSRI in first trimester has some risk Risk vs. benefit
52
antidepressants in children and adolescents
black box warning Suicidal ideation risk Once it stopped being prescribed, people actually suicided so the group was put back on Risk vs. benefit
53
antidepressants in older adults
polypharmacy and metabolism issues
54
esketamine (sparato) MOA
Nasal spray for treatment resistant depression (schedule III drug)
55
esketamine (sparato) process
Patient: no food for 2 hours before and no liquid 30 minutes before treatment Monitored every 30 minutes for hypertension
56
esketamine (sparato) side effects
hypertension, dissociation, dizziness, vertigo, sedation, numbness, anxiety, and feeling drunk
57
esketamine (sparato) dosing
twice weekly for 4 weeks, tapering once a week for 4 weeks, during week 9 and after once every week or two
58
Brexanolone (Zulresso) general stuff
First and only FDA approved medication for postpartum depression (PPD) (schedule II drug) Neuroactive steroid: 60 hour IV infusion one time
59
Bexanolone (Zulresso) side effect
hypoxia, excessive sedation and potential LOC, patients are continuously monitored
60
Electroconvulsant therapy
Indications: most common depression up to 90% remission, suicidal thought, psychotic disorders, failure to respond to meds Absolute last line, after MAOI Informed consent, education to patient and family
61
Electroconvulsant therapy indications
anesthetic barbiturate (brevital) and muscle paralyzing agent (succinylcholine), EEG and EKG monitoring, brief seizure induced via electrodes (uni- or bilateral)
62
Electroconvulsant therapy adverse reactions
confusion, headache, memory deficits (weeks) Sometimes confusion never goes away Patient needs to be handed over to a certified PACU nurse
63
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
approved in 2008, those unresponsive to other treatments, pregnancy, outpatient, electrode deliver magnetic pulses, noninvasive Cerebral cortex Shows improvement in two weeks
64
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS):
electrical stimulation boosts neurotransmitters, implanted in chest (surgical procedure) and attached to vagus nerve in neck Treats resistant depression Also helps with Parkinson’s disease
65
Deep brain stimulation
implanted electrodes in underactive brain areas, device in chest wall
66
light therapy depression
first line treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
67
st John's wart
increases serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine Risk of serotonin syndrome!!
68
Exercise depression treatment option
increases serotonin, decrease HOA axis (thought to be overly active in depression)
69

psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions