Depth 1 - Challenging succession Flashcards
What was Henry’s claim to the throne
Henry claim came through the Beaufort family who were descendants of the third son of Edward III
Why was Henry’s claim weak
Beaufort family were made illegitimate in the early 14th century but made legitimate on the condition that them and their descendants could not claim the throne
his father edmund tudor had no claim, so his claim came through a women - seen as weaker
who had a stronger claim than Henry
John De la pole - he was Richard III nephew and was heir presumptive - meant that he was next in line since Richard had no surviving children
Earl of warwick Edward - also the nephew of Richard III - since he was young Henry had him locked up but ppl still used him as a focus vs Henry
Edward IV children - princes of the tower - presumed dead but ppl used them as a focus vs Henry
how did Henry secure his throne
his coronation and backdated his reign
he rewarded his supporters
When did Henry backdate his reign to
21 august 1485 - day before bosworth
what was the titulus regius
It made edward and elizabeth woodville marriage illegitimate - and their future kids were also illegitimate
Why did Henry cancel the titulus regius
He had to so he could marry elizabeth of York - daughter of Edward and elizabeth woodville - cancelled it so he his future children would be legitimate - cemented yorkist support
Who did Henry reward
Jasper Tudor his uncle - duke of bedford
Thomas stanley his stepfather - earl of derby
Thomas lovell a yorkist - treasurer of household
john morton - chancellor and archbishop of canterbury
what was act of resumption
allowed Henry to take back crown lands that had been granted away since 1455
simnel background
an 10 year old pretender who was used to focus opposition against Henry
who did Simnel try to impersonate and why this an error
Earl of Warwick - the real earl of warwick was in the tower of london and Henry parades him through the streets
how did Margaret of Burgundy help John de la pole and francis lovell
she used her money and power to help them raise troops - 2000 german mercenaries
how did ireland react to Simnel
They crowned him as King in Dublin and launched a combined invasion of england
how did the earl of northumberland and henry percy react to the rebel army arriving in the north
He did nothing to stop them, similar to Bosworth where he watched from the sidelines
henry percy was more focused on being neutral even tho he was the first line of defence
Henry response to simnel threat
he ordered the coasts to be guarded but the rebels still landed
he gradually moved northwards and westwards gathering men and supplies as he went
8th 1487 adopted his base kenilworth castle - waited for news here and once received he marched north meeting the rebels at stoke
how serious was the threat from Simnel
it was dangerous as it was a mix of rival claimants, discontented yorkists and foreign support - simnel was a puppet for de la pole
they raised an army supported by margaret of Burgundy
support from ireland was important - it was a jumping-off point for anyone that wanted to invade england
henry didn’t realise de la pole was part of the rebellion - inexperienced
how and why was henry able to overcome the challenge from simnel
they made mistakes and lacked support along with good decisions from henry
1.decision for simnel to impersonate earl of warwick
- the army was mercenaries not die hard yorkists
- irish nobility such as kildare did not accompany the army but watched what happened
- didn’t gain support in the north even tho it was mainly richardian and yorkist
- most landed elites preferred stability under Henry - yorkist earl of surrey was in the towers and didn’t take the chance to escape
- Henry’s own actions - he reacted swiftly once hearing news and his tactics were successful - reinforced his strength - removed 2 threats in de la pole and francis lovell
7.
what was the acts of attainder
Henry passed 28 acts of attainder against the simnel rebels - declared them guilty without putting them on trial
Who was Perkin warbeck and who did he claim to be
pretender emerged from ireland in 1941 -
claimed to be Richard duke of york - one of the princes of the tower
why was Warbecks claim a problem in comparison to simnel
Henry couldn’t disprove it as the real duke of york disappeared in 2483 - unlike simnel claim where henry produces the real Earl of warwick
what was Ireland reaction to warbeck and how did it differ to Simnel
Earl of Kildare not keen to get involved directly - irish support failed to materialise
differed to simnel who was welcomed and made king at dublin
Where did Warbeck receive foreign support
he moved to burgundy where he received acceptance from margaret
margaret claimed that warbeck was her nephew
Why did Margaret choose to support Warbeck
She was determined to remove Henry - she wanted to restore the yorkist line and warbeck was an opportunity for that
warbeck challenge response in england
agents from burgundy infiltrated england and there were cases of men trying to recruit support for warbeck
sir william stanley helped henry at bosworth and was given the title chamberlain of the kings household - implicate in a plot against henry which was a problem since he was close
