Depth Perception - Exam #4

Question 1

What is depth perception?

Answer 1

The ability to be able to tell what’s closer/farther and to make relative judgements from all sorts of relative information in the visual field

Question 2

Why is depth perception so important?

Answer 2

It determines how we interact with objects in the world!

Question 3

What is the gist of the Cue approach to Depth Perception?

Answer 3

It’s how the information on the retinal image is correlated with depth in the scene

Question 4

What are the three types of depth perception signals/cues?

Answer 4

Oculomotor, Monocular, and Binocular

Question 5

What is a Oculomotor Cue?

Answer 5

A cue that’s based on our ability to sense the position of our eyes and the tension of our eye muscles

Question 6

What is a Monocular Cue?

Answer 6

A cue that works with just one eye

Question 7

What is a Binocular Cue?

Answer 7

A cue that requires both eyes

Question 8

What are the two types of Oculomotor Cues for depth?

Answer 8

Vergence and Accomodation

Question 9

What is Vergence in the context of Depth Perception? What type of cue is it?

Answer 9

It’s a Oculomotor cue that relies on the inward and outward movements of our eyes as we converge to look at near objects and diverge to look at far objects (like crossing our eyes)

Question 10

What does it mean to converge our eyes? What distance is this for? What Cue is this a part of?

Answer 10

To put our eyes more centrally; used for near objects; this is an Oculomotor Cue of Vergence

Question 11

What does it mean to diverge our eyes? What distance is this for? What Cue is this a part of?

Answer 11

To put our eyes more straight; used for farther objects; this is an Oculomotor Cue of Vergence

Question 12

What are we using during Vergence to get information about depth?

Answer 12

We’re using the tension of the muscles to determine how far and close something is–it has to do with the angle of our eyes

Question 13

How good is the cue of Vergence for Depth Perception?

Answer 13

Not very accurate, it’s a weak depth cue only working up to about 20 feet (after that the eyes are straight)

Question 14

What is Accommodation in the context of Depth Perception? What type of cue is it?

Answer 14

It’s an Oculomotor Cue that relies on the feeling/pressure of the muscles tightening (for the lens to focus on objects of different distances)

Question 15

What muscles is Accommodation using?

Answer 15

Siliary Muscles!

Question 16

How good of a cue is Accommodation for Depth Perception?

Answer 16

Not very good! It’s pretty weak, with a range of 20 cm to 3 meters (based on our accommodative range)

Question 17

What is one way to see Oculomotor Cues in action?

Answer 17

If you put your finger in front of you and bring it closer and farther away

Question 18

What are the two main types of Monocular Cues? How many eyes do Monocular Cues use?

Answer 18

Pictorial Cues and Motion-based Cues (only need one eye!)

Question 19

What are Pictorial Cues? What type of Cue is it used in?

Answer 19

They’re cues that use information from 2D sources–You only need one eye for this, so it’s Monocular!

Question 20

What are Motion-based Cues? What type of Cue is it used in?

Answer 20

They’re cues that use information created by movement–You only need one eye for this, so it’s Monocular!

Question 21

What are the 8 types of Pictorial Cues in Monocular vision?

Answer 21

Shadows, Texture gradient, Atmospheric Perspective, Familiar Size, Perspective Convergence, Relative Size, Relative Height, and Occlusion

Question 22

What are the 2 types of Motion-Based Cues in Monocular vision?

Answer 22

Motion Parallax and Accretion and Deletion

Question 23

What is Occlusion? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 23

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue–Occlusion is when an object gets covered up by another object

Question 24

What is the down side of Occlusion?

Answer 24

We don’t know how much father the occluded object is

Question 25

Is Occlusion a good depth cue?

Answer 25

Yes! It's pretty solid as far as things go

Question 26

What is Relative Height? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 26

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--It's the idea that objects higher up in your vision are usually farther away and objects with their bases close to the horizon are more distant

Question 27

Why is Relative Height called that?

Answer 27

Because you're comparing objects to other objects to get a better understanding of the depth

Question 28

What is Relative Size? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 28

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--It's the idea that if two objects are the same size, then the one taking up less of your field of view is more distant

Question 29

What is Perspective Convergence? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 29

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--It's the idea that objects at the vanishing point are most distant

Question 30

Is Perspective Convergence a good cue?

Answer 30

Yeah! It's solid for distance!

Question 31

What is Familiar Size? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 31

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--It's based on previous knowledge of an object; only when you know the size of a dime can you say it's zoomed in more even if it's the same size as a quarter

Question 32

What is Atmospheric Perspective? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 32

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--The farther away an object is the fuzzier and bluer it becomes

Question 33

What causes Atmospheric Perspective?

Answer 33

Things in the air (dust, water droplets, pollution, etc...) distort, bend, and scatter light; causing it too look less defined and bluer

Question 34

What is Texture Gradient? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 34

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--Equally-spaced elements are perceived as more tightly packed with increasing distance (more of them on your visual space)

Question 35

What is Shadows? What type(s) of cue(s) is this a part of?

Answer 35

This is both a Pictorial Cue and a Monocular Cue--If all things are equal, the thing that casts a bigger shadow are perceived as nearer than objects casting smaller shadows

Question 36

What do shadows enhance for depth perception?

Answer 36

The three-dimensionality of an object!

Question 37

What is the Motion Parallax Cue? What things is it related to?

Answer 37

It's an Oculomotor Cue and a Motion-Based Cue; as we move nearer objects look like they're moving faster

Question 38

What is Accretion?

Answer 38

Removing an occlutor (revealing more of an object)

Question 39

What is Deletion?

Answer 39

Introducing an occlutor (covering up an object)

Question 40

What is the cue of Accretion and Deletion? What does it relate to?

Answer 40

It's an Oculomotor Cue and a Motion-based Cue--When an object becomes covered by another object due to motion, the object doing the covering/uncovering appears nearer

Question 41

What is a type of vision in Binocular Depth Perception?

Answer 41

Stereoscopic Vision

Question 42

What's up with Stereoscopic Vision?

Answer 42

It's a very powerful depth cue where inputs are used from both eyes and overlapped and the differences from the two views compute depth perception! This is why V1 takes information about which eye things are coming from!

Question 43

What is Binocular Disparity?

Answer 43

This is the difference in view between both eyes