Derivative Flashcards

1
Q

What is a futures contract?

A

Fixed price at a fixed time
Deals with clear house like NYSE

Like commodities hedge for farmers

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2
Q

Forward contract

A

Deals with brokerage agency, directly with the contracting parties, not through commodity trading clearing house

Usually with foreign currency

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3
Q

Call vs put option example

A

Derivatives. MV. $35 MV $25
Call (right to buy). In the money. Out of money
Put (right to sell). Out of money. In the. Money

Assume the stocks with $30 MV, the then 60 days later, the stock is sold at $35 a share, I make $5 per share (in the money), but if sold at $25, I lost $5 (out of money), to avoid the loss, I will let the option to expire.

Right to sell: when I can sell the price at $30, and the MV is at $35 for purchase, I will not make money, but if only $25, I can make $5 profit.

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4
Q

Futures and forwards are classified as?

A

Obligations

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5
Q

Examples of Embedded derivatives

A

Debt securities

Equity instruments

Leases

Need to separate the derivatives from the host contracts, means there is an option to exercise the option, derivative at FV, and the host contract will be measure at amortized cost, the have to be separated.

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6
Q

Debt instrument derivative

Equity instrument

Lease

What are the derivatives and host contract examples

A

Debt: inflection, interest rate and creditworthiness, it’s conditional, if those conditions happened, I will charge you extra for the condition.

Equity instrument: share price of equity instrument

Lease: inflation and interest rate

If the condition has something clause unrelated to the instrument then have to separate, if closely related to the instruments, then no worry about separating the instrument with host contract.

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7
Q

Derivatives held for speculation. (Obtain for profit)

Adjustment doe JE

A

Adjust FV at balance date

Mark to market, g/l through current earnings

Record as: dr. B derivative instruct cr. gain on derivatives

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8
Q

Derivative JE

  1. At initial investment
  2. Subsequent measurement and recognition
A
  1. Dr. Derivative investment cr. cash

2. Adjust at current FV and record G/L in current income

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9
Q

What are hedging and what examples are they?

A

The entity utilize a derivative to offset the risk related to a transaction.

Including natural or economic hedges that uses hedge accounting

Hedge accounting is a privilege that the entity can record g/l in OCI to distort the normal operant results

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10
Q

What are the qualifications for using hedge accounting?

A

Document the hedged items and how effective the hedge is

Documentation must be understandable by independent third party

Documentation for: 1) nature and risk of the item being hedged
2) how is hedge used to reduce risk

Hedging elements
1) hedged items and 2) hedging instrument

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11
Q

Financial assets and liabilities that qualified for hedge accounting

A

Commodities

Interest rate risk

Foreign currency risk ( including FC risk from net investment in foreign operation)

Credit risk (excluding AFS securities)

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12
Q

FV hedge: convert a fixed price to floating price
cash flow hedge: convert floating to fixed price

Both can hedge for recognized assets and liabilities and FC

A

FV hedge (asset/liability, firm commitment, foreign currency) hedge risk is the FV change

Adj. the CV to FV and with G/L included in NI

Cash flow hedge: (cognized asset/ liability, forecasted transactions when there is no firm commitment, foreign currency)

Ineffective portion in NI, effective portion in OCI
If asking the g/L on a specific year on the contract, record as the net of futures contract and purchase contract G/L for that year.

If asking the entire contract G/L with the firm commitment, use the net of both for that year as well

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13
Q

Exclusion for hedging accounting items

A

Non-derivative instruments such as T-notes

Component of compound instrument used for different risks

Hybrid financial instruments such as has embedded derivative but can’t be recognized and measured; and irrevocable elect to be measured at its entirety FV under FV option.

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14
Q

What kind of hedge is firm commitment? What elements need to be documented?

Is CF hedge the same requirements?

A

FV hedge

Elements to doc: 1) hedging relation; 2) objective and strategy for hedge 3) ID hedge items and instruments 4) nature and risk being hedged 5) effectiveness (must be highly effective, need to be assessed every 3 months). 6) how the asset and liability been recognized

CF hedge only have the first 5 elements

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15
Q

What can’t be FV hedged?

A

NCI

Using equity method for investment in S

Not for HTM security because interest rate change doesn’t matter, no need to hedge

If for no financial asset or liability, have to hedge the risk of loss for the entire thing, not portion

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16
Q

FV hedge JE

A

No entries at enter into the contract

JE Firm commitments fore settled:
Dr. G/L Cr. firm commitment. Firm loss, broker gain

At settlement
1. Dr. G/L Cr. firm commitment. For firm loss

  1. Dr. Inventory - item
    Firm commitment (additional paid due to cumulative price decrease)
    Cr. Cash

The FV hedge convert the fixed price $42 per ton into floating price at 37 per ton at spot price, recognized G/L in income

17
Q

Forecasted transaction characteristics?

A

1) ID as a a single transaction or group of individual transaction with the same risk ex posture
2) probable of occurring with external party
3) CF change that will affect earnings
4) current Change in FV reported at net income

What are not Cf hedge
Business combination; equity interest in a S, and an entity’s own equity

18
Q

Where to record G/L for CF hedge?

A

Effective portion

Record in OCI for cumulative change

Ineffective portion: cumulative amt record in current income

JE for CF hedge for gain
Futures contract At FV. 150
OCI. = effective portion. 148
G on CF hedge. Ineffective portion. 2

Futures contract for loss
Futures contract At FV 147
Loss on futures contract. 2
OCI 149.

19
Q

What value does CF hedge item is measured?

A

PV of expected cash in or outflows

20
Q

Major GAAP and IFRS differences of hedge accounting

A

IFRS:
0. IFRS derivative requirement elements exclude notional amt

  1. embedded derivatives only assessed every year, and record as multi derivatives
  2. Business combination risk can be hedged, other hedged items are more flexible than GAAP
  3. Interest rate hedge can be benchmarked, partial term hedge is permitted
  4. FC hedge is more restrict than GAAP
  5. Short cut effectiveness short cut is not permitted

Both all have the same disclosure requirement

21
Q

Want is intrinsic value?

Elements in derivative?

A

Differences of Striker price and market value

Elements of derivative

Underlying
National amt
Pay little consideration
Settlement in cash