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skin class > Derm 1: hx, exam, lesions, dx techniques > Flashcards

Derm 1: hx, exam, lesions, dx techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between a primary and secondary lesion?

A

primary: direct manifestation of a disease process

secondary: lesions that evolve from a primary lesion

some lesions can be both primary and secondary

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2
Q

what is a macule? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat area of colour change <1cm diameter

primary

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3
Q

what is a papule? is it primary or secondary?

A

circumscribed elevated lesion <1cm diameter

primary

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4
Q

what is a patch? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat area of colour change >1cm diameter

primary

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5
Q

what is a pustule? is it primary or secondary?

A

circumscribed elevated lesion filled with pus

primary

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6
Q

what is a plaque? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat-topped, raised skin lesion >1cm diameter

idk it actually doesn’t say in the notes

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7
Q

what is a vesicle? is it primary or secondary?

A

thin-walled fluid filled lesion <1cm diameter

primary

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8
Q

what is a bulla? is it primary or secondary?

A

thin walled fluid filled lesion >1cm diameter

primary

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9
Q

what is a nodule? is it primary or secondary?

A

solid mass >1cm diameter

primary

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10
Q

what is a wheal? is it primary or secondary?

A

flat, firm, raised, emematous lesion; larger and coalescing wheals create angioedema (basically, they’re hives)

primary

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11
Q

what is a cyst? is it primary or secondary?

A

epithelial lined cavity containing fluid, cellular, follicular, or sebaceous debris

primary

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12
Q

what is alopecia? is it primary or secondary?

A

aka hypotrichosis

decreased amount of hair/fur

can be both primary or secondary

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13
Q

what is a scale? is it primary or secondary?

A

fragments of surface epithelium

can be both primary or secondary

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14
Q

what is a crust? is it primary or secondary?

A

accumulation of cellular debris (pus, blood, keratinocytes)

can be primary or secondary

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15
Q

what is a follicular cast? is it primary or secondary?

A

keratinous debris adhered to proximal hair shaft

can be primary or secondary

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16
Q

what is a comedone? is it primary or secondary?

A

dilated and plugged hair follicles

can be primary or secondary

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17
Q

what is hypopigmentation? is it primary or secondary?

A

decreased epidermal melanin

can be primary or secondary

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18
Q

what is hyperpigmentation? is it primary or secondary?

A

increased epidermal melanin

can be primary or secondary

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19
Q

what is eukoderma? is it primary or secondary?

A

white skin

can be primary or secondary

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20
Q

what is leukotrichia? is it primary or secondary?

A

white fur

can be primary or secondary

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21
Q

what is melanoderma? is it primary or secondary?

A

dark skin

can be primary or secondary

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22
Q

what is melanotrichia? is it primary or secondary?

A

dark dur

can be primary or secondary

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23
Q

what is an epidermal collarette? is it primary or secondary?

A

circular alopecic lesion with peripheral scale and develops from ruptured pustule or bulla

secondary

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24
Q

what is a scar? is it primary or secondary?

A

fibrous tissue that has taken the place of dermis and subcutis

secondary

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25
what is excoriation? is it primary or secondary?
erosion or ulcerations from self-trauma secondary
26
what is erosion? is it primary or secondary?
partial thickness epidermal defect (not to level of dermis) secondary
27
what is an ulcer? is it primary or secondary?
full thickness epidermal defect (to level of dermis) secondary
28
what is lichenification? is it primary or secondary?
thickened, elephant-like skin, usually also hyper pigmented secondary
29
what is a callus? is it primary or secondary?
hyperplastic, thickened, alopecic lesions typically on pressure points secondary
30
What is this lesion? What are the top ddx?
erythema (reddening of skin) ddx are anything that can cause inflammation top ones: allergic inflammation, yeast dermatitis (malasseziasis), bacterial overgrowth
31
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
hypopigmentation immune-mediated (DLE), vitiligo, uveodermatologic syndrome, cutaneous lymphoma, post-inflammatory, senile
32
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
hyperpigmentation post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, lentigo, melanoma, viral plaques, endocrine dz, senile
33
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
leukotrichia vitiligo, alopecia areata, uveodermatologic syndrome, post-inflammatory, endocrinopathies, senile
34
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
papules allergic dermatitis, bacterial folliculitis, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, parasitic, actinic disease, drug reaction, immune-mediated disease (pemphigus - early in disease)
35
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
pustules bacterial pyoderma, ectoparasites (demodicosis, scabies), pemphigus foliaceus, pustular dermatophytosis, sterile eosinophilic pustulosis, pustular drug eruption, impetigo, sub corneal pustular dermatosis, pyoderma gangrenosum
36
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
plaques infectious dermatoses (pyoderma, dermatophytosis), eosinophilic plaques (feline), calcinosis cutis, viral plaques, solar disease, neoplastic conditions, sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome, sterile panniculitis
37
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
vesicle/bulla bullus pemphigoid, systemic lupus, vesicular cutaneous lupus, drug reaction, contact dermatitis, junctional epidermolysis bullosa, epidermal bulls acquista, mucous membrane pemphigoid, mucinosis
38
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
nodule deep pyoderma, demodicosis, dermatophytosis, nocardiosis, mycobacterial disease, actinomyces, deep fungal infections, sterile nodular penniculitis, sterile granuloma/pyogranuloma syndrome, histiocytic disease, lupus disorders, neoplasia, nodular dermatofibrosis, follicular cysts, calcinosis cutis
39
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
wheal, hives, urticaria (all mean the same thing) + angioedema usually an acute allergic reaction
40
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
alopecia most inflammatory dermatologic diseases can cause hair loss in association with other lesions. non-inflammatory alopecia describes alopecia without other inflammatory lesions where the main clinical finding is the hair loss top ddx for non-inflammatory alopecia: hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, sex hormone disorders, alopecia aerate, recurrent flank alopecia, follicular dysplasia, color dilution alopecia, injection reaction, pattern baldness, allergies (cats), anlagen and telogen defluxion, post-clipping alopecia, traction alopecia
41
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
crusts pyoderma, secondary to any pruritic disease (ex. allergies), demodicosis, scabies, pemphigus foliaceus, seborrhoea, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, Zn-responsible dermatosis
42
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
Scales seborrhoea, ichthyosis, scabies, cutaneous lymphoma, nearly any form of inflammation
43
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
comedones chin acne, demodicosis, ringworm, encrinopathies, Sphynx cats, hairless dogs, Schnauzer comedones syndrome, seborrheic conditions
44
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
lichenification assoc with chronic inflammation and trauma
45
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
calluses caused by repeated skin trauma at a pressure point
46
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
follicular casts sebaceous identities, vit A responsive dermatitis, seborrhoea, demodicosis, dermatophytosis
47
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
erosion/ulceration so many things lmao, he doesn't list them in the notes so im not gonna bother learning them all
48
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
epidermal collarette pyoderma, impetigo, pemphigus folieaceus, demodicosis, dermatophytosis
49
what is this lesion? what are the top ddx?
excoriation self-induced secondary to prutitis (literally scratches). consider all pruritic conditions
50
differentials based on body location: nasal planum
discoid lupus erythematous, mucocutaneous pyoderma, pemphigus erythematous, pemphigus foliaceus, uveodermatologic syndrome, vitiligo, cutaneous lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma (esp in cats), idiopathic nasodigital hyperkeratosis, parasympathetic nose
51
differentials based on body location: muzzle
demodicosis, dermatophytosis, pemphigus foliaceous, allergic disease, canine eosinophilic furunculosis, feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity, DLE, cutaneous lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma
52
differentials based on body location: pinnae
scabies, vasculitis, pineal margin seborrhoea, insect bite dermatitis (esp mosquito bite hypersensitivity in cats), atopy, Zn-responsive, sebaceous adenitis
53
differentials based on body location: perioral and periocular
atopy, Zn-responsive dermatosis, mucocutaneous pyoderma, feline rodent ulcer, infections (Staph, Malassezia), pemphigus foliaceus, mucocutaneous lupus, DLE, cutaneous lymphoma, SCC
54
differentials based on body location: paw pad (crusting/hyperkeratosis)
pemphigus foliaceus, leishmania, cutaneous lymphoma, benign hyperkeratotic conditions, Zn-responsive dermatosis, plasma cell pododermatitis in cats, hookworm dermatitis, hepatocutaneous syndrome
55
differentials based on body location: interdigital
canine atopic dermatitis, canine food allergy, pedal furunculosis, foreign bodies, yeast dermatitis, interdigital cysts
56
differentials based on body location: face in cats
feline atopic skin syndrome, feline food allergy, D. gatoi, flea allergy dermatitis, herpes viral dermatitis, pemphigus foliaceus, eosinophilic granuloma complex, mosquito bite hypersensitivity, SCC, Bowens disease
57
differentials based on body location: dorsum
pyoderma, flea allergy dermatitis, pediculosis, cheyletiellosis, sebaceous adenines, pemphigus foliaceus
58
what is diascopy?
a slide is pressed over an erythematous lesion and is observed for blanching. blanching is due to vascular engorgement and in most inflammatory processes non-blanching indicates hemorrhage into the skin and can indicate more serious diseases
59
what is Nikolsky sign?
pressure is applied to a vesicular lesion or at the edge of an erosive or ulcerative lesion. it is possible if the outer layers of the skin are easily pushed away and can indicate pemphigus vulgaris, sub epidermal blistering diseases, toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme
60
what does a positive Wood's lamp test mean?
dermatophytosis
61
What organism is this?
Microsporum canis (dermatophyte) fluffy, white, raised, cottony
62
What organism is this?
Microsporum gypseum (dermatophyte) flat, cream to tan, granular
63
What organism is this?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (dermatophyte) white to cream, powdery or cottony
64
What organism is this?
Microsporum canis (dermatophyte) macroconidia abundant, pindle shaped, knobbed, thick cells, more than 6 cells ± microconidia
65
What organism is this?
Microsporum gypseum (dermatophyte) macroconidia spindle, thin walls, rounded ends, less than 6 cells ± microconidia
66
What organism is this?
Trichophyton mentagrophytes (dermatophyte) hardest to find, cigar shaped, thin walled, narrow attachment to hyphae, spiral hyphae, globose clusters of microconidia
67
true or false: bacterial C&S is used to diagnose bacterial infection
FALSE!! it is taken from pyoderma lesions to identify the causative bacteria and determine what Abx it is sensitive to
68
What organism is this?
yeast
69
What organism is this?
not well stained yeast lmao
70
What organism is this?
cocci if on skin, most often will be Staph pseudintermedius
71
What organism is this?
rods if rods, then culture
72
What organism is this?
dermatophytosis
73
What organism is this?
environmental mold spores
74
what is this?
eosinophilic plaque eosinophils have arrows, macrophages have arroewheads
75
what is this?
mast cells intense granulation!
76
what is this?
soft tissue sarcoma
77
what is this?
pemphigus foliaceus "fried egg cells" = pathognomonic (aka acantholytic keratinocytes)
78
what is this?
cutaneous lymphoma
79
what is this?
sebocytes
80
What organism is this?
Demotex canis (mite) only in dogs!
81
What organism is this?
Demodex injai only in dogs!
82
What organism is this?
Demodex gatoi only in cats!

skin class (4 decks)

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