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derm Flashcards

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1
Q

age of onset:
- erythema toxicum
- neonatal acne
- milia

A
  • erythema toxicum = within first 72h
  • neonatal acne = ~3-6weeks
  • milia = 6 weeks
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2
Q

erythema toxicum vs transient neonatal pustular melanosis

A

erythema toxicum:
- first 72h
- papules > pustules
- significant surrounding erythema
- spare palms and soles
- no PIH

pustular melanosis:
- often at birth
- pustules and macules, no surrounding erythema
- palms and soles, leave PIH

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3
Q

infantile vs neonatal acne

A

neonatal:
- 3-6 weeks onset
- from oil glands with yeast
- ketoconazole if need to treat
- no PIH

infantile:
- 3-4mo onset
- from hyperplasia of sebaceous glands secondary to androgenic stimulation, so more common in boys
- treat as can cause PIH e.g. benzyl peroxide or retinoid

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4
Q

maculopapular mastocytosis

A

reddish brown spots that are chronic, and redden up when you touch them

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5
Q

cradle cap vs scalp eczema

A

cradle cap 1 week to 4 mo, greasy waxy flakes. no need to treat, but can use moisturiser/soft toothbrush to get it off.

scalp eczema > 4mo, treat

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6
Q

nappy rash vs candidiasis

A

nappy rash spares the folds

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7
Q

What is acrodermatitis enteropathica?

A

from zinc deficiency, present after weaning off breastmilk. Classic triad:
1) Peri-acral and periorificial dermatitis - sharply demarcated
2) Diarrhoea
3) Alopecia

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8
Q

accessory tragus =

A

goldenhar

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9
Q

ectodermic dysplasias have problems where?

A

hair, teeth, skin, nails, and sweating

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10
Q

haemangioma - natural history

A

most not present at birth
grow 6-9mo
>1y - spontaneous involution, 10% per year

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11
Q

beard haemangioma, think =

A

airway risk

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12
Q

large facial haemangioma, think =

A

PHACES

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13
Q

Segmental haemangioma overlying lumbosacral spine =

A

tethered spinal cord

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14
Q

> 5 haemangiomas, think =

A

visceral, esp hepatic/GI

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15
Q

most common side effects of oral propranolol

A

diarrhoea (most common)
hypoglycaemia!! educate - all symptoms masked except sweating!
hypo/brady 2h post dose
migraine
bronchochonstriction
hyperkalaemia

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16
Q

PHACE syndrome + beta-blocker?

A

Risk of stroke given often have cervical stenosis and arteriopathy (coarctation) as part of syndrome – hypotension from BB resulting in ischemia

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17
Q

key complication of Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE)

A

Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon

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18
Q

Sturge-Weber syndrome vs Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome vs Parkes-Weber syndrome

A

Sturge-Weber: capillary malformation over V1/V2
Klippel-Trenaunay: over limbs, soft tissue/bone hemihypertrophy
Parkes-Weber: same as KT but have AV shunts

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19
Q

haemangioma vs port wine stain

A

port wine stain:
- present at birth
- grow with overall growth, do not regress
- flatter and darker, does not blanch with pressure
- doesn’t usually pass the midline

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20
Q

Congenital melanocytic naevi - risk of melanoma

21
Q

FRACP: albinism + recurrent infection, think =

Study These Flashcards
A

Chediak-Higashi

22
Q

Waardenburg a/w what four major factors

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. white forelock
  2. heterochromia
  3. SNHL
  4. cleft palate
23
Q

piebaldism vs vitiligo vs waardenburg

Study These Flashcards
A

piebaldism - amelanocytic macules on head and trunk from arrest in migration of melanocytes (not AI destruction as in vitiligo, and patchier than waardenburg)

24
Q

lentigines vs cafe au lait

Study These Flashcards
A

lentigines have clubbed rete ridges, cafe au lait do not

25
hypomelanosis of ito - 3 key features
1. whorle like hypopigmented macules 2. seizures /ID 3. eye problems
26
EB - which skin layer does it affect?
depends on the type: - Simple = intraepidermal blisters, keratin mutations (mostly AD) - Junctional = intra-lamina, integrin/ laminin mutations (AR) - Dystrophic = subepidermal lamina, collagen mutations (AR/ AD)
27
Chronic Bullous Dermatitis of Childhood
- " linear IgA dermatosis" in 1st decade - itchy *subepidermal* blisters everywhere, but esp scalp, groin, inner thighs - spont remits, but treat with steroids
28
erythema multiforme - 3 key features
- mostly HSV + mycoplasma triggering type 4 hypersensitivity - target lesion with central erosion +/- mucosal involvement with blisters - steroids + anti-histamines
29
erythema multiforme - must distinguish from??
SJS/TENS - esp if mucosal involvement
30
allergic vs irritant contact dermatitis
Allergic e.g. nickel - T cell mediated, slower 1-3days - itchy ++++, erythematous - steroids / calcineurin inhib / anti-his Irritant e.g. hand gel - rapid, few hours - burning ++++, dry/fissures
31
pityriasis rosea - key features
- HHV6/7 trigger, seen in teenagers - pink herald patch > 2 weeks later, smaller dots like christmas tree - resolves in 2 mo
32
Gianotti Crosti syndrome (papular acrodermatitis) -key features
- 6mo-12y - hep B / EBV - non-pruritic little crops of papules, will self-resolve
33
most common disorder of keratinisation?
icthyosis vulgaris - looks like. asnake, filaggrin problem
34
mastocytosis - key features
1. cutaneous: urticaria pigmentosa, dermatographism positive! 2. mastocytomas: brown nodules 3. systemic (uncommon in kids) 4. Adverse reactions to mast cell degranulating agents seen: ETOH, NSAIDS, thiamine, narcotic mostly self-remitting for paeds onset
35
lichen planus vs lichen sclerosis
LS: - minora > majora, but not the vagina/oral - itchy, dysapareunia, atrophic /white papules - risk of SCC - steroids/calcineurin inhibs LP: often involve mucosa of vagina/oral, much older LP violaceous also risk SCC
36
telogen vs anagen effluvium
telogen = from stressful event anagen = loss of growing hairs, e.g. chemo
37
hair things: - falling in clumps - irregular pattern with mixed length, stubbly hairs - positive hair pull test - nail pitting/grooves
- falling in clumps = telogen effluvium - irregular pattern with mixed length, stubbly hairs = trichotillomania - positive hair pull test = telogen effluvium - nail pitting/grooves = alopecia areata
38
HPV types cause what
2 and 4 = skin warts 6 and 11 = genital warts, resp papillomatosis (11 is worse) 16 and 18 = cervical cancer
39
bronchogenic vs thyroglossal vs branchial vs dermoid cysts
bronchogenic: midline sternal notch thyroglossal: midline over neck branchial: over SCM dermoid: firm non mobile +/- hair, most often at supraorbital ridge
40
pilomatrixoma key features
rockhard, blueish hue a/w gardner, myotonic dystrophy tent sign positive
41
angiofibroma vs neurofibroma
angiofibroma: - red, firm, blanchable - TS, MEN-1 NF: - flesh coloured, compressible - buttonhole sign
42
scabies in paeds looks like?
bullae and pustules, esp palms and soles! use permethrin/ivermectin
43
vulvovaginitis - key features
- itching, discharge, redness, stinging - most common causes: moisture > irritants > strep > threadworms (itch at night) - Mx: lose weight, loose clothing, vinegar bath, minimise irritants
43
molluscum key features
- pearly umbilicated lesions +/- 2nd eczema - from poxvirus - self-resolves in 6-12 months
44
impetigo - key features
- gas / strep - from nose, yellow crust +/- bullous - mupirocin
45
cellulitis vs erysipelas
cellulitis: staph > GAS deep dermis, less well demarcated indolent erysipelas: GAS >>> staph upper dermis, well demarcated acute onset typically face rash with milian's sign - **feature distinguishing erysipelas from cellulitis, because the pinna has no deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissue
46
Pityriasis Versicolour known as what?
tinea dude
47
tinea capitis - what can you use?
NO steroids, and NOT nilstat (nilstat only for cutaneous candida, NOT dermatophytes): griseofulvin, itraconazole, terbinafine
48
diagnostic test for tinea
not woods, but KOH scrapings

derm (1 decks)

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