Derm 7

Question 1

Front

Answer 1

Back

Question 2

What does AMS stand for?

Answer 2

Antimicrobial Stewardship.

Question 3

What is the NICE definition of AMS?

Answer 3

An organisational approach to promote and monitor judicious antimicrobial use to preserve their effectiveness.

Question 4

What is the BSAC definition of AMS?

Answer 4

The optimal selection, dosage, and duration of antimicrobials for best clinical outcome with minimal toxicity and resistance.

Question 5

What are the core goals of AMS?

Answer 5

Improve patient outcomes, improve safety (reduce Clostridium difficile), reduce resistance, reduce healthcare costs.

Question 6

What is the role of primary care in the NHS?

Answer 6

First point of patient contact; provides 80% of all NHS antibiotic prescribing.

Question 7

What are Integrated Care Boards (ICBs)?

Answer 7

NHS organisations responsible for health service delivery, budget, and antimicrobial guidelines in local areas.

Question 8

What is the TARGET antibiotics toolkit?

Answer 8

Stands for Treat Antibiotics Responsibly, Guidance, Education and Tools; supports AMS in primary care.

Question 9

What roles do community pharmacists have in AMS?

Answer 9

Screen prescriptions, advise on self-care, support public health campaigns, diagnose and treat minor infections under PGD.

Question 10

What roles do clinical pharmacists in GP surgeries have?

Answer 10

Diagnose infections, advise on prescribing, maintain patient records, conduct audits, review antimicrobial prescriptions.

Question 11

What roles do pharmacists in care homes have?

Answer 11

Early infection detection, antimicrobial review, conduct audits, structured medication reviews.

Question 12

What roles do pharmacists in ICBs have?

Answer 12

Implement AMS across local healthcare, create local guidelines, conduct audits, train staff, monitor prescribing trends.

Question 13

What is acne and who does it affect?

Answer 13

A multifactorial skin disease affecting 30–70% of adolescents, mainly on face, back, and chest.

Question 14

What are the four main events leading to acne?

Answer 14

Excessive sebum production, abnormal keratinisation, Cutibacterium acnes proliferation, inflammation.

Question 15

How is mild acne characterised?

Answer 15

Mostly open/closed comedones and few papules or pustules, usually facial.

Question 16

How is moderate acne characterised?

Answer 16

More widespread papules and pustules, may include mild scarring.

Question 17

How is severe acne characterised?

Answer 17

Widespread lesions including cysts and abscesses, often with severe scarring.

Question 18

What is the first-line NICE treatment for acne?

Answer 18

12-week topical combination of adapalene with benzoyl peroxide (non-antibiotic).

Question 19

What topical treatment can be used for any acne severity?

Answer 19

Combination of tretinoin with clindamycin (antibiotic).

Question 20

What combination is used for mild-to-moderate acne?

Answer 20

Topical benzoyl peroxide with clindamycin.

Question 21

What is used for moderate-to-severe acne?

Answer 21

Topical adapalene + benzoyl peroxide + oral lymecycline or doxycycline.

Question 22

What is an alternative for moderate-to-severe acne?

Answer 22

Topical azelaic acid + oral lymecycline or doxycycline.

Question 23

Why avoid combined topical + oral antibiotics?

Answer 23

To prevent antimicrobial resistance.

Question 24

What is the mode of action of benzoyl peroxide?

Answer 24

Releases free oxygen radicals for bactericidal activity; reduces follicular hyperkeratosis.

Question 25

What do topical retinoids do?

Answer 25

Normalise keratinocyte differentiation, anti-inflammatory, help unplug follicles.

Question 26

What does azelaic acid do?

Answer 26

Normalises keratinocyte differentiation, has anti-inflammatory action.

Question 27

What is the antibacterial action of tetracyclines and clindamycin?

Answer 27

Inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.

Question 28

What self-care advice should be given for acne?

Answer 28

Avoid over-cleaning; use pH-neutral cleanser twice daily; avoid comedogenic products; don’t scratch lesions.

Question 29

When should acne patients be referred to dermatology?

Answer 29

If acne is severe, scarring, unresponsive to two treatments, or causing psychological distress.

Question 30

What are common fungal skin infections?

Answer 30

Tinea corporis (body), tinea cruris (groin), tinea pedis (feet).

Question 31

What causes tinea corporis?

Answer 31

Dermatophytes like Trichophyton and Microsporum; presents as annular patches with red edges and clear centres.

Question 32

What causes tinea imbricate?

Answer 32

Trichophyton concentricum; rare, concentric overlapping circles.

Question 33

What causes tinea cruris (groin)?

Answer 33

Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum; red-brown plaques with clear borders.

Question 34

What causes tinea pedis (athlete’s foot)?

Answer 34

Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Epidermophyton floccosum.

Question 35

What are the three types of athlete’s foot?

Answer 35

Interdigital type, moccasin type, vesiculobullous type.

Question 36

What is the advice for preventing athlete’s foot?

Answer 36

Dry feet well, wear cotton socks, rotate shoes, don’t share towels, wear footwear in communal areas.

Question 37

What is the first-line treatment for mild fungal skin infections?

Answer 37

Topical antifungals like terbinafine, clotrimazole, miconazole.

Question 38

When is oral antifungal treatment used?

Answer 38

Severe, widespread, or unresponsive infections; e.g., terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole.

Question 39

What precautions are needed for oral antifungal therapy?

Answer 39

Check liver function, monitor for drug interactions, avoid long-term use unless necessary.