Derm Allergies

Question 1

define summation effect

Answer 1

summary of all factors that can contribute to pruritus, both allergenic and non-allergenic

Question 2

What are some examples of non allergenic factors causing summation effect

Answer 2

bacterial pyoderma, Malassezia (yeast) dermatitis, Seborrhea sicca (dry skin)

Question 3

What 3 things contribute to summation effect?

Answer 3

Atopic dermatitis, flea allergy, bacterial pyoderma

Question 4

What is the pruritic threshold?

Answer 4

the point where pruritic stimuli exceeds the threshold for a particular animal

Question 5

when pruritic load becomes greater than the pruritic threshold=

Answer 5

Pruritus

Question 6

Summation of all allergens that come together to exceed pruritic threshold=

Answer 6

allergen load

Question 7

A patient that is allergic to grass, house dust, and human dander experiences clinical pruritus only in summer. What is this an example of?

Answer 7

Allergen load

Question 8

Flea allergy dermatitis is type ___ and ___ hypersensitivity

Answer 8

1 and IV

type 1 is IgE mediated Hypersens. and type 4 is cell-mediated- delayed hypersens.

Question 9

Type __ sens explains why flea allergy can be neg on IDAT or serology tests

Answer 9

type IV

up to 30% of flea allergy dermatitis dogs may only have delayed rxns

Question 10

what is the allergic component of flea allergy dermatitis

Answer 10

flea saliva of Ctenocephalides felis

Question 11

location of lesions from flea allergy dermatitis (usually occurs in patients less than 5 years old)

Answer 11

Dogs- caudal half of body- ribcage and on back (waist dz) **dorsal LS region, inverted triangle shape*
Cats- same but also around neck and military dermatitis

Question 12

Pyotraumatic dermatitis aka ____, usually occurs on dogs’ dorsal _____. Usually occurs with what in dogs and cats?

Answer 12

Hotspots- usually on dogs’ dorsal hips, often occurs with atopic dermatitis in dogs and cats

Question 13

flea allergy dermatitis- clinical signs in CATS

Answer 13

combo of reaction patterns, miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex, symmetrical alopecia (flanks and abd, usually self induced, skin is non inflammed)

Question 14

signs of flea allergy dermatitis but no fleas seen, can it still be FAD?

Answer 14

No fleas seen does NOT rule out FAD, esp. in cats

Question 15

Treatment of flea allergy dermatitis-

Answer 15

avoidance of allergen, immunotherapy is NOT beneficial, initiate flea control in all dogs/cats, can be challenging, stop the itching, treat any secondary infections

Question 16

With any kind of allergy, you need to see if there’s any infections and tx those as well as the primary issue. T/F

Answer 16

True!!

Question 17

Flea allergy dermatitis treatment in cats vs dogs

Answer 17

Cats: flea control/preventatives, oral prednisone/prednisolone
Dogs: apoquel, cytopoint, address hotspots

Question 18

Canine atopic dermatitis

Answer 18

second most common allergy, genetically predisposed inflammatory and pruritic allergic skin disease with IgE

first most common is flea allergy

Question 19

non seasonal itchy dogs-

Answer 19

see if food allergies are a components, usually beef allergy in dogs
can be combo of food AND environment

Question 20

Canine atopic dermatitis is a multifactorial disease, results from interaction between ___ and ____, genetics play a role

Answer 20

host and environment

Question 21

Canine atopic dermatitis involves with immunologic alterations?

Answer 21

Type 1 hypersens. 
TH2 lymphocytes (IgE, cytokine profile) 
Pruritogenic cytokines (IL-4, 5, 13, 31)

Question 22

Allergens are processed in skin by ______, with ___ being the most important

Answer 22

APC’s; epicutaneous

Question 23

Canine atopic dermatitis- age onset is __ months to ___ years

Answer 23

6 months to 7 years

Question 24

Canine atopic dermatitis pruritis location

Answer 24

feet, face, ventrum, extremities, medial antebrachial region and fold of elbow

Question 25

canine atopic dermatitis unique locations-

Answer 25

medial antebrachial region and fold of elbow

Question 26

Otitis externa-

Answer 26

infectious or allergic, seasonal or non-seasonal

Question 27

conjunctivits, rhinorrhea, urticaria, sneezing, pyotraumatic dermatitis (face, neck, trunk) are all CS that may be involved with what condition?

Answer 27

Atopic dermatitis

Question 28

Canine atopic dermatitis- secondary skin infections include:***

Answer 28

bacterial folliculitis/pyoderma, pododermatitis, **staphylococcus pseudointermedius** Malassezia dermatitis and pododermatitis *Malassezia pachydermatis*

Question 29

What is the second most common dermatitis in dogs? First is flea allergy!!!

Answer 29

Canine atopic dermatitis

Question 30

feline atopic dermatitis- increased numbers of APC's and ______ in lesions of skin along with increased _____ cells

Answer 30

T-lymphocytes; mast cells

Question 31

Signalment of feline atopic dermatitis

Answer 31

Typically YOUNG cats, between 6 months and 2 yrs, pruritus is the most consistent CS, resulting in alopecia and some may have otitis externa

Question 32

where is the most common locations of feline atopic dermatitis?

Answer 32

Face or head and neck

Question 33

Allergen- Specific immunotherapy options in dogs and cats:

Answer 33

* Requires ID of allergens (skin testing/serology) | * Only therapy that targets immune system to alter response to allergens and outcome of disease

Question 34

? is a non flea, non food hypersen.

Answer 34

Feline atopic dermatitis

Question 35

Secondary infections of atopic dermatitis are more common in cats or dogs**

Answer 35

Dogs

Question 36

It is okay to use cytopoint in cats if nothing else is available. T/F

Answer 36

False!!!

Question 37

What is the 3rd most common hypersen in dogs and cats?

Answer 37

Food allergy

Question 38

are serological tests reliable for food allergy diagnosis? What about saliva tests, hair pluck tests?

Answer 38

Nope; nope

Question 39

What is the gold standard for diagnosis of food allergies?

Answer 39

Food elimination diet/trial with relief of CS and then fed again causes revamping of CS

Question 40

How long should a food elimination diet be?

Answer 40

Positive response in 6 weeks, more than 90% of dogs and cats reach max improvement by 8 weeks

Question 41

What diets should we use for food elimination trial?

Answer 41

Novel protein OR hydrolyzed diet (also use antipruritic meds as needed while starting food trials and hopefully can back off and even stop them)

Question 42

Type 1, 3, 4 hypersens=

Answer 42

food allergy hypersensitivity