Derm (Exam 1) Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
What disease is Kerions associated with?
A
Tinea Capitis
2
Q
What disease is Favus associated with?
A
Tinea Capitis
3
Q
What disease is common in children and African Americans?
A
Tinea Capitis
4
Q
What disease has scaly patches with alopecia or patches with black dots?
A
Tinea Capitis
5
Q
What disease has erythematous plaques with central clearing and a raised border
A
Tinea Corporis
6
Q
What disease starts in the inguinal fold and spreads outward? What body part is spared?
A
Tinea Cruris
- Scrotum spared
7
Q
What disease is associated with “moccasin ringworm”?
A
Tinea Pedis
8
Q
What disease is associated with tine manuum, and what does this mean?
A
Tinea Pedis
- Tinea manuum: two feet, one hand
9
Q
What is another name for Tinea Versicolor and how does this present?
A
Pityriasis Versicolor
- Hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation or erythema; common on trunk/UE
10
Q
What are the three types of Onychomycosis?
A
- Distal Subungual Onychomycosis
- Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis
- White Superficial Onychomycosis
11
Q
How does Distal Subungual Onychomycosis spread?
A
Yellow/white/brown discoloration that starts distally and spreads towards cuticle
12
Q
How does Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis spread?
A
Yellow/white/brown discoloration that starts at cuticle and spreads distally
13
Q
How does White Superficial Onychomycosis spread?
A
White spots on nail surface that spread centrifugally until the entire nail is involved
14
Q
What disease typically occurs at skin folds?
A
Candidal Intertrigo
15
Q
What disease begins with an initial lesion then subsequent burrowing?
A
Scabies
16
Q
What is Norwegian Scabies? What population does this occur in?
A
Crusted scabies; considered severe
- Occurs in immunocompromised
17
Q
What disease involves itching in the groin or axilla area
A
Pubic Lice
18
Q
What disease is treated with Griseofulvin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Griseofulvin (systemic)
- Tinea Capitis
19
Q
What two diseases are treated with Terbinafine? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Terbinafine (systemic)
- Tinea Capitis
- Onychomycosis
20
Q
What five diseases are treated with Itraconazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Itraconazole (systemic)
- Onychomycosis
- Tinea Corporis
- Tinea Cruris
- Tinea Pedis
- Tinea Versicolor
21
Q
What four diseases are treated with Clotrimazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Clotrimazole (topical)
- Tinea Corporis
- Tinea Cruris
- Tinea Pedis
- Tinea Versicolor
22
Q
What other two medications are used to treat Tinea Versicolor? Are these topical or systemic?
A
- Selenium Sulfice (topical)
- Zinc Pyrithione (topical)
23
Q
What disease is treated with Nystatin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Nystatin (topical)
- Candidal Intertrigo
24
Q
What disease is treated with Fluconazole? Is this medication topical or systemic?
A
Fluconazole (systemic)
- Candidal Intertrigo
25
What disease is treated with Permethrin 5%? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Permethrin 5% (topical)
| - Scabies
26
What disease is treated with Permethrin 1%? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Permethrin 1% (topical)
| - Pubic Lice
27
What disease is treated with Ivermectin? Is this medication topical or systemic?
Ivermectin (systemic)
| - Scabies
28
What is the clinical progression of Acne Vulgaris?
Comedo (blackhead, whitehead) → Inflammatory papule → Pustule → Nodule/Cyst
29
What is the treatment for comedonal Acne Vulgaris?
Topical retinoids (Tretinoin)
30
What is the treatment for mild inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) +/- topical antimicrobials (Erythromycin, Clindamycin)
31
What is the treatment for moderate inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) + oral antibiotics (Tetracycline)
32
What are the two possible treatments for severe inflammatory Acne Vulgaris?
Benzoyl peroxide + topical retinoid (Tretinoin) + oral antibiotics (Tetracycline)
OR
Accutane
33
What is the treatment for Acne Vulgaris in a PREGNANT woman? What two medications cannot be used and why?
Oral Erythromycin, topical Clindamycin or topical Azelaic Acid
- CANNOT use retinoids because they’re teratogenic, no benzoyl peroxide
34
What type of Acne Rosacea has chronic redness of central face, flushing (wet or dry), telangiectasias?
Erythematotelangiectatic Acne Rosacea
35
What type of Acne Rosacea has papules and pustules on central face with no comedones?
Papulopustular Acne Rosacea
36
What type of Acne Rosacea has tissue hypertrophy causing irregular contours? What population is this typically seen in?
Phymatous Acne Rosacea
| - Common in males
37
What disease involves dry eyes, pain, itching, blurred vision, photosensitivity, blepharitis (eyelid swelling), keratitis, conjunctivitis, stye?
Ocular Acne Rosacea
38
What disease has skin pigmentation via autoimmune process directed against melanocytes?
Vitiligo
39
How is Vitiligo treated?
Topical/systemic corticosteroids, Calcineurin inhibitors
40
What is another name for Acne Inversa?
Hidradenitis Supprurativa
41
What is another name for Hidradenitis Supprurativa?
Acne Inversa
42
What disease starts as a single, deep-seated inflammatory nodule that can form abscess then progression may include sinus tracts, comedones and scarring?
Hidradenitis Supprurativa
43
How is Hidradenitis Supprurativa treated?
Topical Clindamycin or systemic antibiotics (Doxycycline)
44
Describe the four grades of scorpion stings.
- Grade 1: local pain and paresthesias at site of sting (mild)
- Grade 2: local symptoms with remote pain and paresthesias
- Grade 3: cranial nerve OR somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction
- Grade 4: cranial nerve AND somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction (severe)
45
What are five examples of CN dysfunction?
- Hypersalivation
- Abnormal eye movements
- Blurred vision
- Slurred speech
- Tongue fasciculations
46
What are five examples of somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction?
- Fasciculations
- Shaking/jerking extremities
- Opisthotonos (back arching)
- Emprosthotonos (forward flexion of body)
- Fever of 104+ F
47
What group of medications should not be given in conjunction with scorpion antivenom and why?
Benzos
| - Respiratory decline may occur with benzos and antivenom
48
What disease has the "itch that rashes"
Atopic Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
49
What is the Atopic Triad?
- Atopic Eczema
- Allergic rhinitis
- Asthma
50
What is a severe complication of Atopic Eczema?
Eczema Herpeticum
51
What MUST the clinical presentation of Atopic Eczema include (4)?
- Pruritis
- Eczema
- Typical morphology/age patterns
- Chronic/relapsing history
52
What is the gold standard for moisturization?
Vaseline
53
What disease is caused by itching, rubbing or scratching?
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
54
What is another name for Lichen Simplex Chronicus?
Neurodermatitis
55
What disease has a "tapioca-like" appearance?
Dyshidrotic Eczema
56
What disease is a disorder of horny plugs in hair follicles?
Keratosis Pilaris
57
What disease is an itch of a localized area occurring 1-2 days after exposure?
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
58
What disease has burning/stinging pain that occurs immediately?
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
59
Is lip lickers dermatitis considered allergic or irritant?
Irritant Contact Dermatitis
60
What type of drug reaction is drug hypersensitivity considered? How does this present?
Type IV
| - Exanthem
61
What type of drug reaction is drug allergy considered? How does this present?
Type I
| - Urticaria and angioedema
62
What "Type" is allergy mediated? Which "Type" is cell-mediated?
- Type I: allergy mediated
| - Type IV: cell mediated
63
What disease involves fever, facial edema, rash, lymphadenopathy, blood abnormalities and visceral involvement?
Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS)
64
What disease has epidermal necrosis and sloughing of mucous membranes and skin?
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
65
How do you differentiate between SJS and TEN (hint: think TBSA)?
- SJS if <10% TBSA
| - TEN if >30% TBSA
66
What is Nikolsky sign? What disease is it associated with?
Elicitation of blistering as a result of gentle mechanical pressure
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN)
67
What is a major complication of SJS/TEN?
Septicemia (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa)
68
What are the three cases for which Mohs surgery is used?
- Recurrent tumors
- Tumors that are >0.6 cm on face or >2 cm on body/extremities
- Tumors in high-risk anatomical locations
69
What disease involves “age spots” or “senile freckles”?
Solar Lentigo
70
What disease involves proliferation of melanocytes?
Solar Lentigo
71
What disease involves a rapidly growing round, flesh-colored nodule with central keratin plug?
Kertaocanthoma
72
What disease presents as warty, waxy and appears “stuck on”?
Seborrheic Keratosis (SK)
73
What disease involves scaly/gritty macules or papules?
Actinic Keratosis (AK)
74
What can Actinic Keratosis (AK) progress to?
SCC
| - AK → SCC in situ → SCC
75
What disease presents as pearly papule with telangiectasias and rolled borders?
BCC
76
What skin layer does BCC arise from?
Basal layer of epidermis
77
What disease presents as scaly, hyperkeratotic, indurated and/or friable?
SCC
78
What skin cell does SCC arise from?
Keratinocytes
79
What type of malignant melanoma is most common and confined to the epidermis?
Superficial Spreading Melanoma
80
What type of malignant melanoma is very aggressive and involves rapid vertical growth?
Nodular Melanoma
81
What is the general idea of Breslow depth?
As depth increases, prognosis worsens
82
What are the excisions measurements for surgical removal of malignant melanoma?
At least 2 cm clear margins
83
What virus is associated with Measles (Rubeola)?
Paramyxovirus
84
What virus is associated with Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?
Parvovirus B-19
85
What virus is associated with Rubella?
Rubella virus
86
What virus is associated with Roseola Infantum?
Herpes virus (HHV-6)
87
What virus is associated with Hand, Foot & Mouth Disease?
Coxsackie A16 virus
88
What virus is associated with Molluscum Contagiosum?
Poxvirus
89
What virus is associated with Human Papillomavirus?
Human Papillomavirus
90
What virus is associated with Varicella (Chicken Pox)?
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), a herpes virus
91
What virus is associated with Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), a herpes virus
92
What two virus subtypes are associated with Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)? What body regions does each involve?
- HSV I (oral)
| - HSV II (genital)
93
What disease has the 3 C's? What are they?
Measles
- Cough
- Coryza (runny nose)
- Conjunctivitis
94
What disease has Koplik spots? What are these?
Measles
| - Koplik spots: cluster of tiny bluish-white papules on buccal mucosa
95
What two diseases involve a rash that starts on face and spreads from head to toe?
- Measles
| - Rubella
96
What disease involves a rash that starts on the neck/trunk then spreads to face/extremities?
Roseola Infantum
97
What disease has "slapped cheek" appearance
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
98
What disease has a lacy pink body rash?
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)
99
What is a major complication of Measles?
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
| - Can occur 2-10 years after exposure
100
What are two major complications of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?
- Transient aplastic crisis (sickle cell anemia-like)
| - Hydrops Fetalis in pregnant women
101
What is a major complication of Rubella?
Congenital Rubella Syndrome with “blueberry muffin”
102
What disease can be treated with Vitamin A?
Measles
103
What disease involves a very high fever?
Roseola Infantum
104
What disease has pearly papules with umbilication?
Molluscum Contagiosum
105
What is the name of the HPV subtype involving the mucous membranes?
Condyloma Acuminata
106
What disease has cauliflower-like lesions? What population is this disease common in?
Condyloma Acuminata
| - Most common anorectal infection in homosexual males
107
How can Condyloma Acuminata be treated?
Podophyllin cream
108
What is the name of the HPV subtype involving the skin (cutaneous)?
Verruca Vulgaris
109
How can Verruca Vulgaris be treated?
15-blade to visualize thrombosed capillary underneath
110
What disease involves a generalized vesicular rash with 3 stages? What are the 3 stages?
Varicella (Chicken Pox)
1. Papule
2. Blister
3. Ulcer (crusts over)
111
What two diseases can be diagnosed using a Tzanck smear?
- Varicella (Chicken Pox)
| - HSV-II
112
What disease has a unilateral rash following a dermatomal distribution?
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
113
What are the two major complications of Herpes Zoster (Shingles)?
- Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN)
| - Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)
114
What is with Hutchinson’s sign and what disease complication is it associated with?
Hutchinson’s sign: vesicles on the tip of the nose or on the side of the nose precede the development of Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO)
115
What two diseases are Famciclovir or Valacyclovir used for?
- Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
| - Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
116
What disease involves grouped vesicles on an erythematous base?
HSV II
117
What are two complications of HSV II?
- Erythema multiforme
| - Eczema herpeticum
118
What are the three types of soft tissue tumors?
- Epithelial Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
- Lipoma
- Sarcoma
119
Which type of soft tissue tumor involves rapid growth?
Sarcoma
120
What soft tissue tumor is composed of fluid?
Epithelial Inclusion Cyst (Epidermoid Cyst)
121
What soft tissue tumor is composed of adipose tissue?
Lipoma
122
What disease is associated with Malassezia furfur?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
123
What disease has a biphasic incidence, and what does this mean?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
| - Occurs as an infant then again as an teen/adult
124
What disease involves yellow, greasy scales?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
125
What disease involves "cradle cap"?
Seborrheic Dermatitis
126
What two diseases involves Blaschko lines?
- Pityriasis Rosea
| - Seborrheic Keratosis (SK)
127
What disease involves the Herald patch?
Pityriasis Rosea
128
What disease involves testing to rule out secondary syphilis, and what is this test called?
Pityriasis Rosea
| - RPR test
129
What disease involves the 4 P's and what are they?
Lichen Planus
- Pruritic
- Purple
- Polygonal
- Papules
130
What disease involves Wickham's striae, and what does this look like?
Lichen Planus
| - Wickham’s striae: tiny white lines running through papules
131
What disease involves Koebner phenomenon, and what is this?
Lichen Planus
| - Koebner phenomenon: development of lesions at sites of trauma
132
What disease involves erythematous plaques with a silvery-white scales?
Psoriasis
133
What disease involves "oil spots" on the nails?
Nails Psoriasis
134
What disease is associated with Auspitz sign, and what does this look like?
```
Psoriasis Vulgaris (Chronic Plaque Psoriasis)
- Auspitz sign: removal of plaque reveals a smooth, glossy membrane with tiny punctate bleeding
```
135
What two subtypes of Psoriasis are considered emergencies?
- Pustular Psoriasis
| - Erythrodermic Psoriasis
136
What percentage of TBSA affected in Psoriasis is considered mild/moderate? What are the two ways by which this can be treated?
Mild/moderate: <5% TBSA affected
- Intermittent therapy: topical steroids, Vitamin D
- Continuous therapy: Calcineurin inhibitors
137
What percentage of TBSA affected in Psoriasis is considered severe?
Severe: >5% TBSA affected
138
If less than 20% of TBSA is affected in Psoriasis, how is this treated?
- Referral to derm
- Vitamin D
- Phototherapy
139
If more than 20% of TBSA is affected in Psoriasis, how is this treated?
- Referral to derm
- Systemic therapy
- Phototherapy
140
What body parts are most affected by Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)? What test is often elevated with PsA?
PsA involves the spine and DIP joints ("sausage fingers")
| - Sed rate will be elevated
141
What is Folliculitis and how does it progress (3 steps)?
Hair follicle inflammation
| Folliculitis to Furuncle to Carbuncle
142
What is the bacteria often associated with Folliculitis?
S. aureus
143
What is the bacteria that causes “hot tub folliculitis”?
Pseudomonas
144
How is moderate/severe Folliculitis treated?
- Topical antibiotics (Mupirocin)
| - Oral antibiotics (Keflex)
145
If MRSA is suspected to be the etiology behind a disease, what three oral antibiotics are recommended for treatment? What is the recommended IV antibiotics?
Oral
- Sulfa drugs (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole)
- Clindamycin
- Doxycycline
IV: Vancomycin
146
For “hot tub folliculitis”, what is the recommended treatment?
Oral antibiotics (Cipro)
147
What disease involves “honey-colored crusting”?
Impetigo
148
What is the clinical progression seen with Nonbullous Impetigo?
Papule to Vesicles to Pustules to “Honey-colored crusting”
149
What two diseases are associated with a flaccid bulla?
- Bullous Impetigo
| - Pemphigus Vulgaris
150
What disease involves a “punched out” appearance, almost like cigarette burns?
Ecthyma Impetigo
151
What is the recommended treatment for Nonbullous or Bullous Impetigo?
- Mild: topical antibiotics (Mupirocin)
| - Moderate/severe: oral antibiotics (Keflex, Dicloxacillin)
152
What is the recommended treatment for Ecythema Impetigo?
ALWAYS oral antibiotics (Keflex, Dicloxacillin)
153
What are the two types of Nonpurulent Cellulitis and what bacteria are they often associated with?
Cellulitis or Erysipelas
| - B-hemolytic Strep
154
What are the two types of Purulent Cellulitis? What two bacteria are they often associated with?
Abscess or Purulent Cellulitis
| - S. aureus, MRSA
155
What is the recommended treatment for Nonpurulent Cellulitis?
- Oral antibiotics (Keflex)
| - IV antibiotics (Cefazolin, Rocephin)
156
For Abscess/Purulent Cellulitis, what is the first recommended treatment? What further treatment may also be indicated, and under what circumstances?
ALWAYS I&D if there is fluctuance
- IV antibiotics (Cefazolin, Rocephin) also indicated if abscess is >2 cm, there are multiple, or if there is any toxicity, extensive cellulitis, an in dwelling medical device, immunosuppression or at high risk for transmission (athlete, military)
157
What are the two types of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)?
- Discoid
| - Malar
158
What three diseases can be diagnosed via DIF?
- Dermatitis Herpetiformis
- Pemphigus
- Pemphigoid
159
What disease involves a “butterfly rash”? What area of the face is spared?
Malar Lupus
| - Nasolabial folds are spared
160
What disease involves erythematous, scaly plaques on sun-exposed areas?
Discoid Lupus
161
What disease is associated with a gluten sensitivity?
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
162
What is the recommended treatment for Dermatitis Herpetiformis?
Dapsone
| - Also eliminate gluten from diet
163
What disease involves “target-like” lesions?
Erythema Multiforme
164
What is the most common virus that causes Erythema Multiforme?
HSV
165
What disease affects the epidermis and involves flaccid bullae?
Pemphigus Vulgaris
166
What is a hallmark finding of Pemphigus Vulgaris, and how does this present clinically (hint: sign)?
Acantholysis (Nikolsky’s sign)
167
What is the recommended treatment for Pemphigus Vulgaris?
Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents
| - URGENT derm referral
168
What disease involves tense bullae?
Bullous Pemphigoid
169
What is the recommended treatment for Bullous Pemphigoid?
Topical/systemic corticosteroids
170
What disease involves the “mask of pregnancy”?
Melasma/Chloasma
171
What disease involves hyperpigmented, velvety plaques?
Acanthosis Nigricans
172
What two chronic conditions is Acanthosis Nigricans often associated with?
Insulin-resistance (DM, obesity)
173
What disease involves male pattern hair growth in women?
Hirsutism
174
What disease involves adrenal excess and how does this present?
Cushing Syndrome
| - Affects the pilosebaceous units of the skin
175
What disease involves adrenal insufficiency and how does this present on the skin?
Addison’s disease
| - Hyperpigmentation
176
What disease involves an “orange peel appearance”?
Hyperthyroidism
177
What disease involves dry, cool skin?
Hypothyroidism
178
What disease involves a deficiency of UROD?
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT)
179
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda is a deficiency of what? How is this treated?
UROD
| - Treatment: skin protection, phlebotomy (deplete iron to prevent formation of UROD inhibitor)
180
What are the four stages of pressure ulcers (hint: think skin layers involved)?
- Stage 1: intact skin with localized erythema
- Stage 2: partial thickness skin loss with exposed dermis
- Stage 3: full thickness skin loss with exposed adipose tissue
- Stage 4: full thickness skin loss with exposed fascia, tendon, muscle, and/or bone
181
What disease involves a “Bull’s eye” appearance?
Erythema Migrans
182
What is the pathogen of Erythema Migrans?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
183
What is the recommended treatment for Erythema Migrans?
Oral antibiotics (Doxycycline, Amoxicillin)
184
What disease initially presents as nonspecific symptoms followed by a rash that is macular to petechial?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
185
What is the pathogen for RMSF?
Rickettsia rickettsia
186
How is RMSF treated?
Doxycycline
187
What can be prescribed prophylactically for tick borne illnesses? When should it be prescribed?
Single dose Doxycycline 200 mg within 72 hours of tick removal
188
What disease involves infection of hair follicles?
Folliculitis
189
What disease can become infectious via S. aureus or Pseudomonas?
Folliculitis
190
What is another name for Folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas?
Hot tub folliculitis
191
What is the potential progression of Folliculitis?
Folliculitis → Furuncle → Carbuncle
