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derm final exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what is Hering’s law of cure?

A

from top down
from inside out
from the most important organ to the least
in the reverse order of appearance

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2
Q

what is a sign of a good homeopathic remedy?

A

a cure is seen when there’s a mild similar aggravation with slight intensification of symptoms that appear and resolve quickly

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3
Q

when should you re-evaluate the case and give same remedy?

A

when symptoms come back that are identical to the first sx. will need a higher dose

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4
Q

sulphur homeopathy for skin

A

eruptions of every kind, itching, voluptuous, violent, worse at night, burning when scratched, wounds fester will not heal

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5
Q

apis skin features?

A

dry and hot alternating with gushes of sweat. sensitive, sore, hives, carbuncle, scarlatina, erysipelas, styes. erythema that looks dusky.

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6
Q

graphite remedy skin features?

A

skin lesions are at folds, mucocutaneous junctions, behind ears, thickening with induration, thick crusts, excoriations, cracks and fissures

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7
Q

arsenicum album remedy features?

A

dry, rough, scaling, desquamating, feels like parchment, alternating with internal afflictions, different types of skin eruptions

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8
Q

hepar sulph remedy skin features?

A

abscess, mastoiditis, chapped, deep cracks on hands and feet, chronic or recurrent hives, impetigo, angioedema, sensitive cold sores

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9
Q

rhus toxicodendron skin features?

A

vesicular lesions, cellulitis, carbuncles, boils, abscesses, stiff, thick, hot, dry, burning, itching, < hairy parts,
pus erodes hair, sensitive to cold air, fine, vesicular, moist, crusty eruptions, shingles, hives

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10
Q

calc carb skin features?

A

cold, snake-like, flaccid, unhealthy, small
wounds do not heal, psoriasis, urticaria, boils,
petechiae, Milk-white spots. SCALP is a key spot for
sweating and dermatitis.

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11
Q

petroleum skin features?

A

genital herpes that spread to anus and thighs, cracking hands and fingers. common with people who labor using hands (with tar or petroleum), dry cracking skin, scratches until raw, worse itching at night, cold sensation after scratching, worse in winter

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12
Q

natrum muriaticum skin features?

A

herpetic eruptions, chapped, oily, dry, warts, hives, worse in flexor surfaces

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13
Q

arnica montana skin features?

A

Very sore, ecchymosis, petechiae, bruising, dusky,
mottled, every injury turns black and blue, very painful
acne, boils, SYMMETRICAL eruptions

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14
Q

belladonna skin features?

A

Bright red, dry, hot, glossy, or alternating
paleness and redness, scarlatina, boils, erysipelas,
intense dermatitis.

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15
Q

cantharis skin features?

A

Burns and scalds, vesicular eruptions
turning black, burning, itching, eruptions burn
when touched

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16
Q

causticum skin features?

A

Deep burns and effects, cracks, ulcers,
soreness of the skin folds, warts, eczema

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17
Q

hypericum skin features?

A

painful scars in nerve rich areas, gaping wounds,
skin rough like full of small knots

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18
Q

kali bichromicum skin features?

A

Crusts, ulcers or pustules with dark spots, deep,
perforating, punched out, with thick crusts and
overhanging edges, brown spots, depressed scar after
ulcer, skin hot, red, dry

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19
Q

lachesis skin features?

A

Mottled or livid, varicose veins, dilated capillaries, small
wounds bleed much, ulceration, cellulitis, gangrene, malignant or
septic states

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20
Q

ledum balustre skin features?

A

edematous swelling, eruptions only
of covered part, puncture wounds

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21
Q

lycopodium skin features?

A

yellowish spots, dry, raw folds, abscess, blood boils
remain blue and do not mature, old boils and pustules
indurate and persist, urticaria, vesicular, eczema with
urinary, gastric, or liver disorder, psoriasis, ulcer, scabs
adherent. Premature gray hair.

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22
Q

mercuris skin features?

A

always moist, excoriated, eczema, ulcers,
abscesses, boils

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23
Q

natrum phosphoricum skin features?

A

eczema, hives, itching, smooth, red,
shining

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24
Q

nitricum acidum skin features?

A

dry eroded cracked at every angle, rapid ulcer formation, raw ragged crusty skin that itches on undressing and is stubborn suppuration

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25
phosphorus skin features?
wounds heal then breaks out and bleeds again. skin is brown or red, purpura with ecchymosis, lipoma, ulcers. skin is thin, foul, bloody and pus filled
26
phytolacca skin features?
skin: hastens suppuration, dry, harsh, shriveled, boils, ring worm, warts, lipoma, corns, barber’s itch.
27
psorinum skin features?
Rough, breaks out at folds, rough, scabby, greasy; intolerable itching, scratches raw or until bleeds, worse heat of bed. psorinum is a nosode from scabies
28
pulsatilla skin features?
glands swollen, ulcer with hard, red, glistening border, measles, urticaria, itch < heat of the bed, varicosities Modalities - Worse: Warmth, Sun, clothes, getting feet wet, puberty, pregnancy, before menses, lying one side, legs hanging down, rich foods, thunderstorm, first motion Better: cold, fresh, open, air, uncovering, gentle motion, continued motion, pressure, rubbing, after a good cry
29
sepia skin features?
blotched, raw, rough, hard, cracked, purple, thick crusts about joints, boils in both axilla, spots on skin, itching vesicles, urticaria
30
silicea skin features?
abscesses, cysts, foreign objects, shiny, tender, indurated, every injury suppurates, boils, carbuncles, ulcers, rose or copper-colored spots
31
staphysagria skin features?
alternating with joint pains, violent itching changing place when scratching, extremely sensitive to touch. Dermatitis after a grief.
32
thuja occidentalis skin features?
SKIN: WARTS, eruptions violent itching or burning < cold bath, eruptions on covered parts, spotted, hairy, exuberant hair growth on unhairy parts Modalities Worse: cold, damp, heat of bed, periodically, 3 am & 3 pm, coffee, tea, moonlight Better: warm air, free secretions, sneezing, crossing legs, drawing up limbs
33
urtica urens skin features?
itching raised red blotches, prickly heat, nettle-rash every year same season, minimal burn or scald with intense burning or itching
34
what are the effects of transdermal medications?
transdermal meds are meant to be administered for systemic effects via absorption into bloodstream.
35
what are the drugs used for inflammatory skin conditions?
antibiotics, DMARDS, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, NSAIDs, retinoids, azelaic acid, vitamin D analogs, light therapy
36
what are the side effects of using topical corticosteroids?
atrophy, purpura, telangiectasia, skin rash, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, topical withdrawal effects- redness, burning, itching, pain, striae, contact dermatitis, worsening of fungal infections, decreased efficacy with continued use
37
can topical corticosteroids cause systemic effects?
yes, and HPA axis suppression due to high potency, chronic use, frequent use, tx of large areas, use in thin skin areas like genitals, eyelids
38
when should low to medium potency corticosteroids be used?
for large areas of the body, face and groin. For children
39
when are intralesional corticosteroids used?
To treat isolated inflammatory lesions like keloids, hemangiomas, acne cysts, psoriatic plaques, alopecia areata
40
what is the most common type of intralesional corticosteroid?
triamcinolone
41
when do you use oral corticosteroids for skin issues?
when topical or intralesional injections do not work. prednisone and prednisolone is the go to oral corticosteroid.
42
what are the side effects of using oral corticosteroids long term?
Cushing's syndrome and HPA axis dysfunction
43
what condition should you not give oral corticosteroids?
psoriasis
44
when should you do a taper off program for oral corticosteroids?
if oral corticosteroids are given form 2-3 weeks duration.
45
what is the function of DMARDs?
to suppress the immune response. Best used for autoimmune conditions like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.
46
what are the conventional DMARDs?
methotrexate, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, cyclophosphamide.
47
what are the biologic DMARDs?
TNF alpha inhibitors like adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab
48
what is calcineurin inhibitor DMARDs used for?
atopic dermatitis. examples include tacrolimus. best used for immunocompromised patients with atopic dermatitis. can be topical or oral. oral calcineurin inhibitors are cyclosporine, tacrolimus and are used for severe psoriasis
49
what is topical diclofenac?
form of NSAID used for treating actinic keratosis
50
what is topical azelaic acid used for?
acne and rosacea due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and keratolytic properties. it is also used for hyperpigmentation.
51
what are the topical antibiotics?
bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin B- triple antibiotics. all are used for minor cuts and burns which can cause allergic dermatitis. mupirocin- used for MRSA infections and is first line therapy for impetigo benzoyl peroxide- topically for acne, kills bacteria by creating ROS. Sulfacetamide- topically for acne and seborrheic dermatitis erythromycin- for acne clindamycin- topically for acne metronidazole- used topically and orally for rosacea
52
what are the side effects of oral antifungal meds?
inhibits CYP 450 enzymes (drug interactions), GI upset, hepatotoxicity and are category C or D for birth defects
53
types of antifungals?
triazoles: fluconazole- best against candida (single dose use) itraconazole- broader spectrum and used for tinea and candida infections imidazoles: ketoconazole- clotrimazole, miconazole used to treat tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor and candidiasis nystatin- used for candida infections terbinafine- used for tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea versicolor. can be taken orally for fungal infections for the nails and tinea capitis.
54
when are antivirals good for skin conditions?
for herpetic conditions such as HSV 1, 2, herpes zoster. types of antivirals: acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir
55
what are the anti-parasitic?
permethrin, ivermectin, malathion. topical anti-parasitics are given as creams or lotions applied to the area. best used for scabies and lice. As well as the mites associated with rosacea.
56
what type of drugs are used to treat abnormal cell proliferation?
retinoids topical retinoids are: tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene They are used to treat acne, HS, milia, psorasis, rosacea, hyperpigmentation. oral retinoids: isotretinoin- used to treat cystic acne. AKA acutane acitretin- used for severe psoriasis. females in childbearing years should avoid pregnancy during use and up to 3 years post discontinuation.
57
other antiproliferation drugs?
imiquimod- used topically for actinic keratosis, warts, BCC 5-flurouracil- used for AK and BCC Vitamin D analog- calcipotriol- used to inhibit keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation. used for psoriasis keratolytics- good for breaking down keratin and dead skin cells. used for acne, warts, psoriasis, callouses, corns, keratosis pilaris. types: salicylic acid, TCA, glycolic acid, lactic acid, azelaic acid
58
what is spironolactone?
an acne medication that is used to reduce sebum production via reducing testosterone (androgens). used for acne, hirsutism (PCOS) and HS. Can cause hyperkalemia (excess potassium) and hypotension
59
hyperpigmentation medications?
tretinoin, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, hydroquinone.
60
what does LAST stand for?
local anesthetic systemic toxicity

Dermatology (5 decks)

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