Derm physiology

Question 1

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis

Answer 1

Can’t Leave Germany Sad Boy

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidium

Stratum Granulosim

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum basale

Question 2

What type of epithelium is the epidermis

Answer 2

Stratified keratinised squamous epithelium

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is only present in areas of think skin e.g. sole of foot

Answer 3

Stratum lucidium

Question 4

What is the stratum cornuem mainly made up of

Answer 4

Dead keratinocytes

Question 5

Which layer of the epidermis is where keratinocytes are enveloped by hard proteins and where they begin to die

Answer 5

Stratum granulosum

Question 6

Which layer of the epidermis contains desmosomes that connect the layers of keratinocytes

Answer 6

Stratum spinosum

Question 7

Which layer of the epidermis contains dendritic cells and releases FFAs

Answer 7

Stratum spinosum

Question 8

What is the only vascularised layer of the epidermis that contains actively dividing keratinocytes

Answer 8

Statrum basale

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes and tactile cells

Answer 9

Stratum basale

Question 10

Which layers of the epidermis contains the following cells:

a) dendritic cells
b) desmosomes
c) melanocytes
d) tactile cells

Answer 10

a & b -> stratum spinosum

c & d -> stratum basale

Question 11

Why is it that the stratum corneum contains dead keratinocytes

Answer 11

As the keratinocytes gradually die as they move up the layers as they lose their blood supply

Question 12

What type of cell found in the stratum basale detetcs light-touch sensation and are mechanoreceptors

Answer 12

Tactile cells

Question 13

What type of cell found in the stratum basale produces melanin

Answer 13

Melanocytes

Question 14

Which type of cell found in the stratum spinosum is involved in the immune response

Answer 14

Dendritic cells

Question 15

Which layer of the epidermis releases FFAs

Answer 15

Stratum spinosum

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of the hair cycle

Answer 16

Anagen -> Catagen -> Telogen

ACT

Question 17

Which stage of the hair cycle is where most hairs are present (80->90%)

Answer 17

Anagen

Question 18

Which stage of the hair cycle is where hair gradually stops growing

Answer 18

Catagen

Question 19

Which stage of the hair cycle is where hair stops growing, and is replaced by new hair

Answer 19

Telogen

Question 20

What stage of the hair cycle is known as the resting phase

Answer 20

Telogen

Question 21

Give 4 examples of skin adnexa

Answer 21

Hair

Nails

Glands

Sensory sturctures

Question 22

Lable the diagram of a nail

Answer 22

Red -> hyponychium

Yellow -> nail bed

Green -> Lunula

Blue -> cuticle

Purple -> mantle

Question 23

What types of temperatures do peripheral and central thermoreceptors detect

Answer 23

Peripheral -> environmental temp

Central -> core body temp

Question 24

Where are peripheral theroreceptors located

Answer 24

Skin

Face

Scrotum

Question 25

Where are central thermoreceptors located

Answer 25

Spinal cord Abdominal organs Hypthalamus

Question 26

Give 7 functions of the skin

Answer 26

Thermoregulation Immune protection Barrier from pathogens Water-proofing Sensation Vit. D synthesis Interperonsel communication

Question 27

What symptom occurs as a result of the body's mechanism for fighting infection

Answer 27

FEVER

Question 28

What type of cells cause fever by trigeering the release of prostaglandins from the hypothalamus

Answer 28

Endogenous pyogenes (IL-1 & IL-6)

Question 29

What are the 2 endogenous pyogenes that cause fever

Answer 29

IL-1 & IL-6

Question 30

What are the symptoms of a bite from a black widdow...

Answer 30

Intense pain Profuse sweating Difficulty in breathing Loss of consciousness Violent convulsions (and finally...) Death

Question 31

What are the 3 layers of skin (from superficial to deep)

Answer 31

Epidermis -\> Dermis -\> Hypodermis

Question 32

What are the 2 layers of the dermis

Answer 32

Papillary layer Reticular layer (deepest)

Question 33

What type of glands surround hair follicles and offer lubrication

Answer 33

Sebaceous glands

Question 34

What layer of the dermis contains derma papillae which are responsible for finger prints

Answer 34

Papillary layer

Question 35

Which of the 3 layers of skin maintains tempeatrue homeostasis

Answer 35

Hypodermis

Question 36

What type of glands are sweat glands

Answer 36

Exocrine glands

Question 37

What is the differnece between thick and thin skin in terms of the number of layers

Answer 37

Thin -\> 4 layers Thick -\> 5 layers (have a stratum lucidium)

Question 38

What vasomotor responses occur in response to... a) cold stress b) heat stress

Answer 38

a) arteriolar constriction b) arteriolar dilation

Question 39

Give examples of processes that increase heat generation in the body

Answer 39

General metabolism Voluntary muscular activity (moving about) Involuntary muscular activity (shivering) Non-shivering thermogenesis (buring brown fat in infants)

Question 40

What is the aim of the body's response to cold stress

Answer 40

Increase body temp

Question 41

What is the aim of the body's response to heat stress

Answer 41

Decrease body temp

Question 42

What processes decrease heat loss from the body

Answer 42

Vasomotor control -\> arteriolar constriction Behavioural responses -\> putting on clothes, moving to warmer areas

Question 43

A body tempeature below what thershold is diagnostic of hypothermia

Answer 43

\<35^oC

Question 44

Who are most at risk of hypothermia

Answer 44

folk who are cold

Question 45

what gene is mutated that causes ginger hair

Answer 45

MCR-1