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Derm terms Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q
A

Macula - primary lesion

flat, circumscribed, <1cm

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2
Q
A

Patch - primary

Flat, circumscribed, >1 cm

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3
Q
A

Papule - primary

Elevated, circumscribed, <1 cm

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4
Q
A

Pseudofolliculitis

  • Consists of papules, but not pustules.
  • Is often seen in the beard area.
  • Can be distinguished from acne because the inflammation is adjacent to hair follicles.
  • The hair grows out of the follicle and, when shaved closely, often grows back in to the surrounding skin, causing irritation and inflammation
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5
Q
A

Plaque- primary

Elevated, broad (or confluence of papules); > 1 cm

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6
Q
A

Vesicles - primary

Fluid filled, circumscribed, < 1 cm

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7
Q
A

Bullae- primary

Fluid filled, circumscribed, > 1 cm

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8
Q
A

Pustule- primary

Exudate filled, circumscribed

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9
Q
A

Nodule- primary

Elevated dermis +/- subQ, circumscribed (majority underskin)

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10
Q
A

Urticaria- primary

“wheals” Blanching edematous, thin erythematous papule/plaque +/- hypopigmented rim. Maybe white-pale red often disappear after a couple hrs

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11
Q
A

Telangiectasia- primary

Dilated superficial bv/caps, visible on skin

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12
Q
A

Petechiae- primary

Tiny red/purple macules via cap hemorrhage, no blanching

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13
Q
A

Purpura- primary

Lg purple macules/papule via bleeding under skin, no blanching

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14
Q
A

Scale- 2ndary

flakes of keratin coarse/fine, loose/adherent

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15
Q
A

Crust- 2ndary

dried serum/ blood/ pus on top of skin

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16
Q
A

Fissure- 2ndary

linear cleavage on skin

17
Q
A

Depression through dermis/sub q +/- scar

18
Q
A

Depression through epidermis, no scar

19
Q
A

Excoriation - superficial skin loss, often linear, via scratching/rubbing

20
Q

Infant rashes x 4

A
  1. Seborrheic dermatitis (cradle cap)
  2. Eczema or Atopic Dermititis
  3. Candidal rash
  4. Psoriasis
21
Q
A

Seborrheic dermatitis

  • Consists of erythematous plaques with fine to thick, greasy yellow scale.
  • Typically seen on the scalp, but may spread to the ears, neck, and diaper area of infants.

Treatment

For infants, treatment can include:

  • Baby oil and a small brush to remove the scales
  • Frequent (i.e., daily) shampoong with a gentle baby shampoo, or-for more persistent cases-use of a prescription shampoo containing ketoconazole, an anti-fungal agent, or pyrithione zinc. Care must be taken not to get the shampoo in the infant’s eyes.

In older patients it is often caused by a fungus (Malassezia).

  • A low-potency topical steroid cream (e.g., hydrocortisone). In older children and adults, ketoconazole cream may be used.
22
Q
A

Eczema or atopic dermatitis

  • May involve the posterior scalp.
  • A positive history of atopic diathesis would support this diagnosis.
  • Look for pruritic, erythematous, scaling plaques on extensor surfaces as evidence of atopic dermatitis on other areas of the body.
23
Q
A

Candidal rash

  • Commonly manifests as a diaper dermatitis peaking between 7-10 months of age.
  • Characterized by an area of erythema in the inguinal region, as well as erythematous papules and plaques with satellite lesions.
24
Q
A

Psoriasis

  • More erythematous, with a thicker, non-waxy scale and more defined borders than seborrheic dermatitis.
  • May or may not be pruritic.
  • A family history of psoriasis is present in 40% of patients.
25
Open comedones (black heads) Acne
26
Closed comedones (white heads) Acne
27
Differential Diagnosis for Pustular Conditions
1. Staphylococcal folliculitis, Furunculosis 2. Acne vulgaris 3. Hidradenitis suppurativa 4. Rosacea 5. Perioral dermatitis
28
Acne Vulgaris Due to several processes: 1. Keratinous material and excess sebum (due to androgenic influence) plug the pilosebaceous gland. 2. Increased sebum provides a growth medium for superinfection with Propioniobacterium acnes. Areas of the body with the greatest number of sebaceous glands usually affected, including: * Neck * Face * Chest * Upper back * Upper arms
29
Staph folliculitis * Can be very similar to nodular or cystic acne. * Often below waist or in groin area.
30
Hidradenitis suppurativa * Pustular lesions caused by occlusion of the apocrine follicular units (instead of the pilosebaceous units). * Often superinfected with Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Distribution markedly different from acne. * Areas most likely affected in women: Axillae, Groin, Inframammary regions * In men: * Perineal and perianal areas more commonly affected.
31
Rosacea * More often seen in adults. * "Early" form seen in adolescents is characterized by inflammatory papules and micropustules, and redness. * No comedones. * Worsens with alcohol, spicy food, temperature extremes, and stress. * Can be treated with topical metronidazole and various other medications. * Distribution - malar & nasal surfaces
32
Periorbital dermatitis * A variant of rosacea also commonly seen in adolescents, and treated the same way. * See erythema, scaling, and papules or pustules, but no comedones. * Distribution = "Perioral" almost a misnomer, as this may be seen around the mouth, nose, or eyes.
33
Erythema nodosum * Hypersensitivity reaction presenting as red, tender, nodular lesions on pretibial surface of the legs. * Many possible etiologies, a few of which include infections, drugs, and inflammatory bowel disease. * Primary lesions are nodules, not pustules.