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OS 203 DERMA 3 > DERMA TRANS 3 > Flashcards

DERMA TRANS 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How much body weight (in percent) does the skin occupy?

A

15%

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2
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The mouth is not part of the skin

A

FALSE

Skin includes the mucosal surfaces of the eye, mouth and anogenital regions

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3
Q

What are the 8 functions of the skin

A

T(O)WNSHIPS

  • Thermoregulation
  • Window to the internal organs
  • Nutrition
  • Sensation
  • Hormone synthesis
  • Immune functions
  • Protection
  • Social interactions
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4
Q

What hormone is synthesized by the photoconversion of cholesterol

A

Vitamin D (sunlight activated)

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE: The mammary glands are specialized sebaceous glands

A

FALSE: they are specialized sweat glands

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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE: Excretion is a function of the skin

A

False. It is an old function pero not anymore

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7
Q

What light do you need when doing physical examination and why

A

WHITE LIGHT, since yellow light may mask jaundice or erythematous areas

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8
Q

What are the two types of lesions

A

Primary or elemental

Secondary Lesion

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9
Q

It is a direct result of a skin or disease process acting on the skin

A

Primary lesion

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10
Q

Which lesions are less than 1cm?

A 
Macule
Papule
Vesicle
Pustule
Comedo
Milium
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11
Q

Which lesions are flat?

A

Macule, Patch

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12
Q

What is the difference between a vesicle and a pustule

A

Vesicle has CLEAR fluid, pustule has CLOUDY MATERIAL or PUS

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13
Q

Type of secondary lesion with loss of tissue up to the dermis

A

Erosion

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14
Q

Type of secondary lesion with loss of tissue beyond the dermis, possibly reaching muscle and bone

A

Ulcer

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15
Q

Type of lesion which has a decrease in the mass of a tissue

A

Atrophy

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16
Q

Secondary lesions with surface excavations of the skin resulting from incessant scratching

A

Excoriations

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17
Q

Flat, plate like flake coming from the stratum corneum (Secondary lesion)

A

Scale

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18
Q

Thickening of the epidermis secondary to continuous scratching or repeated trauma

A

Lichenification

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19
Q

Original tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue, usually tough collagen

A

Scar

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20
Q

Hardened deposits of blood, serum or exudate that dry up on the skin

A

Crust

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21
Q

Linear loss of skin tissue due to excessive tension or dryness

A

Fissure

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22
Q

What are the possible colors for lesions? (There are 8!)

A 
Erythematous
Violaceous
Yellow
Brown
Blue
Black
Hypopigmentation
Depigmented
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23
Q

This lesion color can be caused by the dilation of blood vessels

A

Erythematous

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24
Q

This lesion color may have been caused by edema or inflammation so intense that there is RELATIVE TISSUE HYPOXIA

A

Violaceous

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25
Q

This lesion color is usually secondary to deposition of fat

A

Yellow

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26
Q

Jaundice limited to conjunctiva

A

Icteric Sclera

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27
Q

localized accumulation of lipid deposits usually on or around the eyelids

A

Xanthelasma

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28
Q

Lesion color due to pigment deposition such as melanin or hemosiderin

A

Brown

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29
Q

Brown lesion common in women taking oral contraceptive pills

A

Melasma

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30
Q

Lesion color that can be secondary to melanocyte accumulation (ex: Nevus of Ota)

A

Blue

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31
Q

Lesion color that commonly involves melanocyte activity

May also be necrotic tissue

A

Black

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32
Q

Partial loss of skin color
Condition improves as the patient gets older
Ex: atopic dermatitis (skin asthma)

A

Hypopigmentation

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33
Q

Absence of skin color

Ex: Vitiligo

A

Depigmented

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34
Q

What are the four classifications of lesions by border

A

Well-defined
Ill-defined
Advancing borders
Rolled

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35
Q

Clearly demarcated border, clear distinction between where the lesion ends and starts

A

Well-defined

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36
Q

Difficult to pinpoint exactly where lesion starts and ends

A

Ill-defined

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37
Q

Give a specific example of an infection that could have an ill-defined border

A

CELLULITIS: Bacterial infection that involves the deeper dermis and hypodermis

Staphylococcus aureus infection

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38
Q

Type of border wherein border is raised in comparison to a flat central area; usually caused by fungal infections

A

Advancing borders

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39
Q

Type of border where border is indurated (hard), rolled (in xs) and undermined does not end on the ulcer)

A

Rolled

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40
Q

The rolled type of border is characteristic for what infection/illness/disease

A

Pyoderma gangrenosum (bluish to violaceous rolled border)

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41
Q

What are the diff classifications of lesions by shape and configuration? (8)

A 
Round
Annular
Grouped
Linear
Reticular
Arcuate
Polycyclic
Serpiginous
42
Q

Shape and configuration when the central area is flat but the border is elevated

A

Annular

43
Q

Shape and configuration w/c are arranged in clusters; can be observed in Herpes simplex infections

A

Grouped

44
Q

Shape and configuration: straight line; formed in response to trauma or scratching
“Koebner phenomenon”

A

Linear

45
Q

Net like or lacy shape/configuration, common in vascular disorders or cutaneous connective tissue

A

Reticular

46
Q

Shape/configuration thatlooks like an arc, usually from an incomplete annular shaped lesion

A

Arcuate

47
Q

Shape/configuration that was formed from coalescing circles, rings or arcs

A

Polycyclic

48
Q

Shape/configuration that is snake like

A

Serpiginous

49
Q

The serpiginous shape/configuration is characteristic of what parasitic infection?

A

Cutaneous larva migrans (hookworm infection)

50
Q

Distribution: isolated in one area

A

Localized

51
Q

Distribution: found throughout the entire body

A

Generalized

52
Q

Distribution: involves both sides of the body

A

Symmetric

53
Q

Distribution: involves just one side of the body

A

Asymmetric

54
Q

Lesion found on one side and does not cross the midline

A

Dermatomal

55
Q

Areas where two skin areas may touch or rub together, lesions are located between the folds of the skin

A

Intertriginous

56
Q

The intertriginous distribution is a pattern of what disease?

A

scabies

57
Q

This pattern is when the lesions are found in areas not normally covered by clothing (ex: sunburns)

A

Photo Dermatitis pattern (Sun-exposed)

58
Q

Notable lesions on the scalp, seborrheic areas, back, knees, elbows and extensor areas, fingernails ar crumbly

A

Psoriasis pattern

59
Q

General redness of the body

A

Erythroderma

60
Q

Distribution usually found in scalp and other seborrheic areas

A

Seborrheic dermatitis pattern (balakubak)

61
Q

What could cause lesions on the palms and soles?

A

Drug reaction or secondary syphilis

62
Q

Flat, even with the surface level of surrounding skin or membranes, perceptible as an area of color different from the surrounding skin; less that 1cm

A

Macule

63
Q

Elevated or depressed lesion less than 1cm in diameter, not noticeable from 3 feet

A

Papule

64
Q

What basic primary lesion do you have when you have melasma?

A

Macule

65
Q

Macule greater than or equal to 1cm

A

Patch

66
Q

Elevated lesion equal to or greater than 1cm

A

Plaque

67
Q

Palpable lesion greater than 1cm with a deeper dermal component

A

Nodule

68
Q

Solid, elevated lesion used to denote any mass (malignant or benign) more than 1cm

A

Tumor

69
Q

Papule with clear fluid content, less than 1cm

A

Vesicle

70
Q

Blister with fluid-fileld cavity or elevation more than 1cm

A

Bullae

71
Q

Circumscribed, raised vesicle containing cloudy material

A

Pustule

72
Q

A histological finding with a wall, needs to be cut open and biopsied

A

Cyst

73
Q

What would you call a cyst if you’re only examining physically

A

Nodule

74
Q

EVANESCENT papule, reddish/erythematous
Can start as a papule and eventually form plaques
Can look pale or whitish depending on the severity of the edema

A

Wheal

“Tagulabay” or “Pantal”

75
Q

Papules leading to a linear or serpentine track which are characteristics of parasitic infection

A

Burrow

76
Q

Where can you normally find burrows

A

Intertriginous areas between spaces of fingers and toes

77
Q

Papules with finger like projections

A

Papilloma

78
Q

A plug of sebum or keratin retained in a dilated pore

A

Comedo

79
Q

What do you call an oxidized comedone? A non-oxidized comedone?

A

Whitehead

80
Q

Comedones are special characteristics of what infection/disease?

A

Acne vulgaris

81
Q

Whitish or yellowish papule that doesn’t have an opening to the surface

A

Milium

82
Q

What do you call a larger version of Milium with an opening

A

Epidermal inclusion cyst

83
Q

Superficial, small, dilated capillaries of the dermis

Wrong spelling wrong!!! :P

A

Telangiectasia

84
Q

Extravasation of blood from cutaneous blood vessels to the dermis; pressure on the lesion does not cause blanching of the color

A

Purpura

85
Q

Papule-like purpura, 1-2mm

A

Petechiae

86
Q

5-10mm purpura

A

Ecchymoses

87
Q

Purpura greater than 10mm

A

Hematoses

88
Q

Papule with a central umbilication (“crater”) with some cnotents at the center,

A

Molluscum

89
Q

What are the secondary lesions

A 
Y’ALL KNOW IT SCELEUFAS!!!
Scaling
Crusting
Erosion
Lichenification
Excoriation
Ulceration
Fissure
Atrophy
Scar
90
Q

Secondary lesion with a loss of tissue up to the dermis, absence of the superficial layers of the skin

A

Erosion

91
Q

Larger loss of tissue beyond the dermis, which can reach even the muscle and bone

A

Ulcer

92
Q

Decrease in the mass of a tissue, not loss; area becomes parchment like and depressed, whitish discoloration and telangiectasia can be found

A

Atrophy

93
Q

What could cause Atrophy?

A

Inflammation or usage of steroids

Or old age

94
Q

Surface excavations of the skin resulting from incessant scratching

A

Excoriation

95
Q

Flat, plate flake coming from the stratum corneum, can sometimes be palpable

A

Scale

96
Q

What do you call a lesion which whitens when you stretch the skin

A

Active skin lesion

97
Q

Thickening of the epidermis secondary to continuous scratching or repeated trauma

A

Lichenification

98
Q

Sequelae of tissue damage or loss, original tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue (tough collagen)

A

Scar

99
Q

Scar that stays within the border of the original lesion

A

Hypertrophic scar

100
Q

Scar tissue that extends and expands beyond the original site of damage

A

Keloid

101
Q

Hardened deposit of blood, serum or exudate that dry up on the skin

A

Crust

102
Q

Linear loss of skin tissue due to excessive tension or dryness

A

Fissure

OS 203 DERMA 3 (1 decks)

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