Derma Trans 4

Question 1

From which germ layer/s is the skin derived from?

Answer 1

Ectoderm - epidermis (10-12 days EAG)

Mesoderm - dermis (18-19 days EAG)

Question 2

What gives rise to melanocytes and nerves in the skin?

Answer 2

Neuroectoderm

Question 3

How long is keratinization?

Answer 3

14-31 days - Adults

22-24 weeks - Fetus

Question 4

At what EAG week does surface ectoderm develop into a single cuboidal cell layer (mitotically active)

Answer 4

Week 4-5

Question 5

At what EAG week does periderm covers the single cuboidal cell layer?

Answer 5

Week 5-6

Question 6

At what EAG week does the germinative layer give rise to the intermediate layer and the stratified squamous epithelium begins to form?

Answer 6

Week 8-10

Question 7

At what EAG week is the epidermis almost complete, with the layers already present?

Answer 7

Week 12

Question 8

What is the main energy source of fetal keratinocytes?

Answer 8

Glycogen

Question 9

What other cells does the mesoderm give rise to?

Answer 9

Fibroblasts
Endothelial and perithelial cells
Myocytes
Mast Cells

Question 10

What constitutes the ground substance of the dermis?

Answer 10

Hyaluronic acid
Chondroitin sulfate
Dermatan sulfate

Question 11

What fibers are found in the dermis?

Answer 11

Collagen fibers - tensile strength

Elastic fibers - elasticity

Question 12

What constitutes the embryonal dermis?

Answer 12

Stellate mesenchymal cells suspended in a matrix of acid mucopolysaccharides

Question 13

What EAG week do the following occur

Collagen fibers develop

Collagen bundles develop

Elastic fibers develop

Answer 13

6

12

24

Question 14

Up to when is a baby considered a neonate?

Answer 14

First 30 days

Infant na after

Question 15

What is the accumulation of elastin fibers in the dermis due to prolonged exposure to sunlight?

Answer 15

Photoaging

Question 16

T/F

Newborns skin has less intercellular attachments and melanosomes

Answer 16

T

Photosensitivity

Less equipped to handle thermal stress and sunlight (bec less melanosomes and thinner skin)

Increased TEWL

Increased penetration of toxic substances and medications

Question 17

T/F

Newborn skin lacks desmosomes and hemidesmosomes

Answer 17

T

Increased tendency to develop blisters

Question 18

Grayish white greasy film after birth

Answer 18

Vernix caseosa

Question 19

Vernix caseosa dries up and leaves erythematous skin

Answer 19

Erythema neonatorum

Question 20

Blotchy or lace like pattern of erythema

Answer 20

Mottling and cutis marmorata

Question 21

What is the immature autonomic control of cutaneous vascular plexus associated with cutis marmorata

Answer 21

Vasomotor instability

Question 22

Bluish discoloration on palms and soles and around mouth

Newborn skin

Answer 22

Acrocyanosis

Question 23

Sharp longitudinal midline demarcation of the body observed when infant is placed on its side

Answer 23

Harlequin color change

Question 24

What reflects immaturity of the hypothalamic center?

Answer 24

Harlequin color change

Question 25

2mm white globular papules representing benign, superficial, epidermal inclusion cysts (Newborn skin)

Answer 25

Milia

Question 26

Milia in oral cavity 1-2mm yellowish white keratinous cysts Alveolar ridge or palate

Answer 26

Epstein’s Pearls

Question 27

Multiple <1 mm yellowish macules or papules (nose and forehead)

Answer 27

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

Question 28

Reflects maternal androgen stimulation of sebaceous glands

Answer 28

Sebaceous gland hyperplasia

Question 29

Heat rash Eccrine gland occlusion Erythematous papules or papulopustules Bungang araw

Answer 29

Miliaria rubra

Question 30

Heat rash Eccrine gland occlusion Minute superficial subcorneal vesicles

Answer 30

Miliaria crystallina

Question 31

Caused by intrauterine sucking

Answer 31

Sucking blisters

Question 32

Gradual or sudden hair loss Spontaneous resolution after 6 months

Answer 32

Telogen effluvium

Question 33

Skin care considerations

Answer 33

Skin barrier property Transcutaneous absorption TEWL Full term vs premature infants

Question 34

Period where secondary sex characteristics manifest

Answer 34

Puberty

Question 35

Early stage of sexual maturity at around 10-14 y.o.

Answer 35

Adrenarche

Question 36

Overproduction of estrogens and androgens (in females?)

Answer 36

Virilization

Question 37

Caused by increased sebum production

Answer 37

Acne vulgaris

Question 38

Excessive sweating (puberty)

Answer 38

Hyperhydrosis

Question 39

What gland has an odorless secretion and is stimulated by heat and stress?

Answer 39

Eccrine glands

Question 40

What gland secretes material that is degraded by bacteria to create an unpleasant odor?

Answer 40

Apocrine

Question 41

Scaling, flaking, dandruff Can be due to: Increased sebaceous gland activity Immunological phenomenon Colonization of /Malassezia sp./

Answer 41

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 42

Type of aging that is inevitable Gradual physiologic changes due to time, under genetic and hormonal

Answer 42

Intrinsic Aging

Question 43

Type of aging that is preventable Caused by exogenous factors, primarily unprotected sun exposure

Answer 43

Extrinsic Aging

Question 44

Aka liver spots Well defined hyperpigmented patches

Answer 44

Solar lentigines

Question 45

Bening papules or plaques Highly variable in color Waxy or wart like Single or multiple

Answer 45

Seborrheic keratoses

Question 46

Small seborrheic keratosis | Morgan Freeman?

Answer 46

Dermatosis papulosa nigra

Question 47

Small circular or oval red papules

Answer 47

Senile angiomas Aka cherry angiomas

Question 48

Enumerate the 3 malignant geriatric skin lesions

Answer 48

Squamous cell cancer (SCC) Basal cell cancer (BCC) Malignant melanoma

Question 49

Decreased sebaceous and sweat gland activity Impaired filaggrin production Basta dry skin

Answer 49

Xerosis

Question 50

Xerosis complicated by dermatitis

Answer 50

Asteatotic eczema

Question 51

Itchy skin Concurrent with xerosis

Answer 51

Pruritus

Question 52

Ecchymoses formation on sun exposed extensor surfaces of arms or hands Old people ito ah

Answer 52

Senile purpura

Question 53

Accentuation of normally pigmented regions | Pregnant women

Answer 53

Hyperpigmentation

Question 54

Cause of hyperpigmentation

Answer 54

Increased estrogen and progesterone receptor sensitivity

Question 55

Darkened streak on anterior abdominal wall

Answer 55

Linea nigra

Question 56

“Mask of pregnancy” Symmetric, blotchy, irregular but sharply marginated, non-elevated light to dark brown hyperpigmented patch on face

Answer 56

Melasma (chloasma)

Question 57

Skin atrophy where epidermis is intact, but underlying tissues are missing Linear atrophic patches

Answer 57

Striae distensae / gravidarum Stretch marks

Question 58

Flesh colored or hyperpigmented Pedunculated papules Small (5mm) Pregnant ulit ito

Answer 58

Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum

Question 59

Molluscum fibrosum gravidarum but for non-pregnant people (usually obese)

Answer 59

Acrochordon

Question 60

3 hair stages

Answer 60

Anagen Catagen Telogen

Question 61

Mild to moderate hair growth in unwanted areas | Pregnant

Answer 61

Hirsutism

Question 62

Late pregnancy: thickened, luxuriant hair (shift in the phase of hair follicles) Postpartum: increased hair shedding

Answer 62

Telogen effluvium

Question 63

Mild fronto-parietal recession Diffuse hair thinning

Answer 63

Mild hypotrichosis Pattern baldness

Question 64

Enumerate the nail changes during pregnancy

Answer 64

``` Accentuated nail growth Increased brittleness and softening Distal onycholysis Subungual keratosis Transverse grooves ```

Question 65

Changes in glandular activity during pregnancy (increase or decrease) 1. Sebaceous gland 2. Eccrine gland 3. Apocrine gland

Answer 65

Inc Inc Dec

Question 66

Enlarged sebaceous glands

Answer 66

Montgomery tubercles

Question 67

Blanching maculopapular red angiomas Single central pulsating arteriole with many fine radiating branches beneath epidermis (Pregnant women)

Answer 67

Vascular spiders / Spider angiomatas

Question 68

Diffuse mottling of entire palm with cyanosis and pallor Erythema on bulging surface of palms (Pregnant)

Answer 68

Palmar erythema

Question 69

Leg veins, pain, thrombosis Hemorrhoids: pain, bleeding, thrombus (Pregnant)

Answer 69

Varicosities, hemorrhoids