Dermato

Question 1

What is eczema?

Answer 1

A group of conditions that cause red, itchy, inflamed skin.

Question 2

What are the types of eczema?

Answer 2

Atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, dyshidrotic eczema, seborrheic dermatitis.

Question 3

At what age does atopic dermatitis usually appear?

Answer 3

First 6 months to 5 years of life.

Question 4

Is eczema contagious?

Answer 4

No, it is not contagious.

Question 5

What conditions are included in the atopic triad?

Answer 5

Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis (hay fever), asthma.

Question 6

What are common triggering factors for eczema?

Answer 6

Dry skin, sweating, allergens, irritants, skin infections, stress, dietary triggers.

Question 7

What are common locations for eczema in infants? (1-6 months)

Answer 7

Face, cheeks, chin, forehead, scalp (sparing diaper area).

Question 8

What are common locations for eczema in toddlers?

Answer 8

Elbows, knees, wrists, ankles, hands. (Contact when crawling)

Question 9

What is lichenification?

Answer 9

Thickening of the skin with deeper lines due to chronic scratching.

Question 10

What is the major diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis? (Hanifin and Rajka criteria)

Answer 10

Pruritus, typical morphology, chronic relapsing course, family history of atopy.

Mnemonic: CHIP
Chronicity
H/O Atopy (Personal/Family)
Involvement of Face & Flexures
(Popliteal & Antecubital fossa)
Pruritis

Question 11

What are some minor criteria for atopic dermatitis?

Answer 11

Xerosis, ichthyosis, preauricular fissures, susceptibility to infections.

Mnemonic: BAKES DRIP
(delayed Blanching to cholinergics, Anterior subcapsular cataract, Keratoconus, raised igE, immediate type 1 Skin test, Dennie’s lines, Recurrent skin infection, Icthyosis vulgaris over palmar crease, facial Pallor)

Question 12

What are common treatments for eczema?

Answer 12

Daily baths, emollients, avoiding triggers, topical corticosteroids.

Question 13

What are potential side effects of prolonged topical corticosteroid use?

Answer 13

Skin thinning, striae, acne, Cushing syndrome.

Question 14

What systemic therapies are available for eczema?

Answer 14

Oral antihistamines, antibiotics for secondary infection, dermatologist referral.

Question 15

What is eczema herpeticum and how is it treated?

Answer 15

A viral infection with clustered blisters; treated with Acyclovir.

Question 16

What is Hand Foot Mouth Disease (HFMD)?

Answer 16

A contagious viral disease causing fever, rash on hands, feet, and mouth.

Question 17

What are severe symptoms of HFMD?

Answer 17

Neck stiffness, lethargy, seizures, respiratory distress.

Question 18

What is the main mode of transmission for HFMD?

Answer 18

Respiratory droplets, direct contact, contaminated surfaces.

Question 19

What is the typical duration of HFMD?

Answer 19

7-10 days.

Question 20

What are some preventive measures for HFMD?

Answer 20

Hand hygiene, avoiding close contact, disinfecting surfaces.

Question 21

What are indications for hospital admission in HFMD?

Answer 21

Inability to tolerate oral intake, high fever >48 hours, toxic appearance.

Question 22

What are the clinical features of HFMD?

Answer 22

1. Prodormal phase
   Fever, sore throat (–> poor appetite, anorexia), irritiablity, headache
2. Exanthematous phase (Maculopapular rash on palms, soles)
   Macule–>vesicles surrounded by halo, mouth ulcers (–> risk of dehydration, poor appetite), rash over hands, feet, buttock, genital area

Question 23

What virus causes Roseola Infantum?

Answer 23

Human Herpesvirus 6 and 7.

Question 24

What are the characteristics of Pityriasis Rosea?

Answer 24

Christmas tree distribution rash with herald patch.

Question 25

What bacteria causes Scarlet Fever?

Answer 25

Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.

Question 26

What are the distinguishing features of Scarlet Fever?

Answer 26

Strawberry tongue, sandpaper rash, pastia lines.

Question 27

What bacteria commonly cause Impetigo?

Answer 27

Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 28

What is the characteristic appearance of Impetigo lesions?

Answer 28

Honey-colored crusted lesions.

Question 29

What is the causative agent of Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)?

Answer 29

Parvovirus B19.

Question 30

What is the characteristic rash of Erythema Infectiosum?

Answer 30

Slapped cheek rash, reticular rash on limbs.

Question 31

What is the causative agent of Molluscum Contagiosum?

Answer 31

Poxvirus.

Question 32

What is the typical appearance of Molluscum Contagiosum lesions?

Answer 32

Umbilicated pearly white papules.

Question 33

What is Tinea Capitis?

Answer 33

Fungal scalp infection causing alopecia and scaling.

Question 34

What is the characteristic lesion in Tinea Corporis?

Answer 34

Ringworm, annular lesion with central clearing.

Question 35

What is the typical presentation of Tinea Pedis?

Answer 35

Itchy vesicular rash between toes and soles.

Question 36

How is a dermatophyte infection diagnosed?

Answer 36

KOH microscopy, fungal culture.

Question 37

What oral antifungal is used for Tinea Capitis?

Answer 37

Oral griseofulvin or terbinafine.

Question 38

What is the treatment for Tinea Corporis?

Answer 38

Topical antifungals like clotrimazole.

Question 39

What is Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)?

Answer 39

White curd-like plaques in the mouth Angular chelitis (painful crack at corner of mouth) Acute gingivitis

Question 40

What is the treatment for Oral Candidiasis?

Answer 40

Oral nystatin suspension.

Question 41

What is Pityriasis Versicolor?

Answer 41

Superficial fungal infection causing discolored scaly patches.

Question 42

What is the appearance of Pityriasis Versicolor lesions?

Answer 42

Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented scaly macules.

Question 43

What are risk factors for Candida infections?

Answer 43

Antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppression, diabetes.

Question 44

What is the treatment for Candida Nappy Rash?

Answer 44

Topical antifungal like clotrimazole.

Question 45

What are common causes of diaper dermatitis?

Answer 45

Irritant exposure, fungal infections, allergic reactions.

Question 46

What is the treatment approach for diaper dermatitis?

Answer 46

Frequent diaper changes, barrier creams, antifungals if needed.

Question 47

What are signs of secondary bacterial infection in a diaper rash?

Answer 47

Yellow crusting, increased redness, pus formation.

Question 48

What are general principles of managing fungal skin infections?

Answer 48

Keep area dry, avoid tight clothing, use antifungals.

Question 49

What is the importance of emollients in eczema treatment?

Answer 49

Prevent moisture loss and repair skin barrier.

Question 50

What should parents be advised about managing a child with eczema?

Answer 50

Wash separately, avoid harsh soaps, continue breastfeeding.

Question 51

What are signs of secondary bacterial infection in eczema?

Answer 51

Oozing, yellow crusting, pustules, fever.