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Dermatology > Dermatological Descriptions (Lec 1) > Flashcards

Dermatological Descriptions (Lec 1) Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Skin Structure

(4 Layers)

A
  1. Epidermis
  2. Basement Membrane - velcro to hold layers together
    • ​Stratum Basale - absorb UV radiation to protect from environment
  3. Dermis - vital structures
  4. SQ
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2
Q

Skin Functions

(10)

A
  1. Protects from environment
  2. Absorbs harmful UV radiation
  3. Resists mechanical shock
  4. Mediates sensation
  5. Thermoregulation
  6. Regulates body fluid loss
  7. Assists bc toxin excretion
  8. Assists in Vit D synthesis
    • ​10-15% vit D prdn from sun
    • Rest from GI
  9. Immunologic barrier to pathogenic organisms
    • ​Langerhan’s cells - WBC in dermis that recognize foreign substances and start a cascade
  10. Affects social/sexual communication
    • ​​Never trivialize this!!
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3
Q

Morphology of Skin Lesions

(6)

A
  1. Color and descriptive terms
  2. Primary skin lesions
  3. Secondary skin lesions
  4. Special skin lesions
  5. Arrangement
  6. Distribution

Report each of these c every dermatologic finding

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4
Q

Dermatologic Finding Reporting Template

(5)

A
  1. Size
  2. Color and descriptive terms
  3. Type of primary, secondary, or special skin lesion
  4. Arrangement
  5. Distribution
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5
Q

Dermatologic Colors and Descriptive Terms

(6)

A
  1. Depigmented
  2. Hypopigmented → Hyperpigmented
  3. Erythematous → Violaceous
  4. Atrophic → Lichenified
  5. Verrucous
  6. Umbillicated
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6
Q

Depigmented

(template category, definition)

A

Template Category: Color/descriptive terms

Definition: Absence of melanocytes, therefore no skin color

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7
Q

Hypopigmented

(template category, definition, comparative term)

A

Template Category: Color/descriptive

Definition:

  • Decreased # of melanocytes but decreased prdcn of melanin
  • Lighter than skin color
  • Appears in healing stages of some rashes

Comparative: Hyperpigmented

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8
Q

Hyerpigmented

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Template: color and descriptive term

Def:

  • normal # of melanocytes but inc melanin prdcn
  • darker than normal skin
  • often d/t scratching c comorbidity
  • heals c creams

Comparative term: hypopigmented

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9
Q

Erythematous

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: redness

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10
Q

Atrophic

(template category, definition, comparative term)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: skin thinning

  • epidermal - “cigarette paper” wrinkling
  • dermal/SQ - palpable skin depression

Comparative: lichenified

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11
Q

Lichenified

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def:

  • focal area of thick skin
  • produced by chronic manipulation (like itching)
  • accenutated skin warts - “washboard”

Comparative: atrophic

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12
Q

Verrucous

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: hyperkeratotic or wart-like

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13
Q

Umbilicated

(template category, def)

A

Category: color and descriptive terms

Def: central “belly button”-like depression

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14
Q

Primary Skin Lesion

(def, 6 descriptive categories)

A

Def: initial lesions, not alrtered by trauma (including itching) , manipulation, or natural regression over time

Terms:

  1. Macule → Patch
  2. Papule → Plaque
  3. Nodule
  4. Pustule → Cyst
  5. Vesicle → Bullae
  6. Wheal
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15
Q

Macule

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesions

Def: small (<5mm), flat, circumscribed skin discoloration. lacks surfacce elvation or depression.

Comparative Term: patch

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16
Q

Patch

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Template: primary skin lesion

Def: large (>5mm), flat circumscribed skin discoloration. lacking surface elevation or depression

Comparative: macule

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17
Q

Papule

(template category, def, comparative term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: <5 mm elevated solid lesion

Comparative: plaque

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18
Q

Plaque

(template category, def, compartive term)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm elevated solid confluence of papules, lacks a deep component

Comparative: papule

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19
Q

Nodule

(template category, def)

A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm elevated, solid, deep lesion

Comparative: nodule, papule

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20
Q

Pustule

(template category, def, comparative term)

Study These Flashcards
A

Category: primary lesion

Def: papule (<5mm) containing purulent material

Comparative: cyst

Note: these do not always indicate infection. ex - psoriasis is simply an immune response. cultures will be negative

21
Q

Cyst

(template category, def, comparative term)

Study These Flashcards
A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: nodule (>5mm) containing fluid or semisolid material

Comparative: pustule

22
Q

Vesicle

(template category, def, comparative term)

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A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: Papule (<5mm) that contains clear fluid

  • If filled c blood, “hemorrhagic vesicle”

Comparative: bullae

23
Q

Bulla

(template cateogry, def, comparative term)

Study These Flashcards
A

Category: primary skin lesion

Def: >5mm localized fluid collection

  • if filled c blood, “hemorrhagic bulla”

Comparative: vesicle

24
Q

Wheal

(template category, def)

Study These Flashcards
A

Category: Primary skin lesion

Def: firm, edematous plaque that is evanescent and pruritis

Note**: iatrogenic creation c PPD, local anesthesia, etc

25
Secondary Skin Lesions | (definition, list 4 tyes)
_Def_: skin characteristics created by trauma (including itching), infection, manipulation, or normal time-related developments _Types_: 1. Scale → Crust 2. Erosion → Ulcer 3. Fissure → Excoriation 4. Scar
26
Scale (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: thickened stratum corneum, secondary to keratinocyte hyperproliferation * *hyperproliferation evident on microscopy* _Comparative_: crust
27
Crust (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: collection of cellular debris * *scab = dried serum, blood* _Comparative_: scale
28
Erosion (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: superficial focal loss of epidermis that heals s scarring * *no scars b/c no collagen superficial to dermis* _Comparative_: ulcer
29
Ulcer (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: full thickness focal loss of epidermis **and dermis**, heals c scarring * *scar d/t collagen disturbance in dermis * _Comparative_: erosion
30
Fissure (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: **verticle** loss of epidermis and dermis. sharply defined walls * *ie - "cracked" skin* _Comparative_: excoriation
31
Excoriation (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: **linear** erosion induced by scratching _Comparative_: fissure
32
Scar | (template category, def, two types)
_Category_: secondary skin lesion _Def_: collection of new CT that implies dermoepidermal damage _Types_: 1. hypertrophic - too much collagen conserved. scar heals "too well" 2. atrophic - striae-like depression
33
Special Skin Lesions | (list 6 types)
1. Telangiectasia 2. Petechiae → Purpura 3. Comedone 4. Target lesion 5. Burrow 6. Striae
34
Telangiectasia | (template category, def)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: small, dilated, superficial, blanchable BV *_Note_**:* * *means "tiny angiomas," "broken capillaries"* * *detected c dioscopy*
35
Petechiae (template category, def, comparable term)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: **\< 5mm** extravasation of RBC into dermis, nonblanchable _Comparable_: pupura
36
Pupura (template category, def, comparative term)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: **\>5mm** extravasation of RBC into dermis, nonblanchable _Comparative_: petechiae *_Note_: violacious purpura = bruise*
37
Comedone | (template category, def, two types)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: folliculocentric collection of sebum and keratin _Types_: * Closed = "whitehead," unoxidized and hard to pop s cutting skin * Open = "blackhead," oxidized and easy to pop
38
Target Lesion | (template category, def)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: three-zoned lesion * center bull's eye * second pale zone * third erythematous ring
39
Striae | (template category, def, 3 causes)
_Category_: Striae _Def_: irreversible atrophic violaceous linear damage to skin _Causes_: 1. Topical steroids (never give unlimited steroid refills! follow up c steroid pts to make sure they are not applying them to pigmentation) 2. Cushing's syndrome 3. Excessive rapid growth
40
Burrows | (template category, def)
_Category_: special skin lesion _Def_: elevated channel in the superficial epidermis, produced by parasites (scabies, hookworm) *_Note_**: exist b/c parasites cannot burrow thru dermis so they tunnel around epidermis trying to find the blood-richest areas*
41
Characteristic Arrangements | (list 6)
1. Annular 2. Gyrate 3. Dermatomal 4. Linear 5. Grouped 6. Koebernization
42
Annular | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangement _Def_: ring-shaped
43
Gyrate | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangement _Def_: from Latin, "to turn in a circle" *brain-like*
44
Dermatomal | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangment _Def_: follows neurocutaneous dermatomes
45
Linear | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangement _Def_: skin lesions in a linear configuration
46
Grouped | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangement _Def_: skin lesions in a grouped configuration...
47
Koebnerization | (template category, def)
_Category_: characteristic arrangement _Def_: traumatized skin produces lesions. this phenomenon (Koebner Phenomenon) only occurs c certain skin lesions * lichen planus * LN (pediatric dz) * psoriasis *_Note_**: trauma may be a burn, including sunburn*
48
Distribution | (significance, three types)
_Significance_: certain dermatologic conditions have specific distribution patterns, so it is vital to describe that when discussing a finding _Types_: 1. Bilateral/unilateral 2. Flexural/extensor 3. Malar

Dermatology (2 decks)

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