Dermatology 1 Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Definition of macule
A
A flat, circumscribed region of skin with different color or texture (example: freckle)
2
Q
definition of patch
A
A large macule (> 1 cm) or a coalescence of macules (example: vitiligo) (like huge areas of depigmentation)
3
Q
definition of papule**
A
A palpable, circumscribed change in consistency or contour of the skin (example: acne vulgaris - red zits) A SMALL RAISED AREA
4
Q
define nodule
A
A papule larger than 1 cm in diameter (example: neurofibroma)
A LARGE PAPULE
5
Q
define tumor
A
A large nodule (example: lymphoma)
6
Q
define plaque**
A
A coalescence of papules (example: psoriasis) COLLECTION OF PAPULES
7
Q
define cyst
A
An encapsulated nodule filled with soft material (example: epidermal cyst)
8
Q
define vesicle
A
A circumscribed, clear fluid filled lesion; a blister (example: Herpes simplex)
(A BLISTER)
9
Q
define bulla
A
A large vesicle (example: bullous pemphigoid)
10
Q
define pustule
A
A vesicle filled with inflammatory cells (example: acne vulgaris - white head)
11
Q
define wheal
A
A palpable, circumscribed, area of edema with central pallor and peripheral erythema that usually disappears relatively quickly. (HIVES - localized area of swelling. white area surrounded by red)
these are eosinophil mediated processes
12
Q
define purpura
A
Discoloration of the skin due to the presence of blood in the tissue, outside of blood vessels; will not blanch with pressure (example: vasculitis)
* the pinpoint lesions lower in the picture = petechiae
13
Q
define petechiae
A
A punctate region of purpura (tiny dots)
14
Q
define comedo
A
A plug within a hair follicle canal which is composed of keratin and sebum; a blackhead (example: acne vulgaris)
15
Q
define milium
A
A white papule composed of whorls of keratinized epidermal cells beneath the skin surface (example: milia)
those white dots on people’s eyelids
16
Q
define burrow
A
A horizontal tunnel in the stratum corneum produced by a parasite (example: scabies)
17
Q
define scaly
A
2ndary lesion: Characterized by exfoliation of surface keratin cells (example: psoriasis)
18
Q
define hyperkaratoidic
A
2ndary lesions subtype: Having very thick scale (example: icthyosis)
19
Q
define crusted
A
2ndary lesions: Displaying dried exudate of fluid and/or cellular components on the skin surface.
20
Q
define serous
A
2ndary lesion: Composed of serum or tissue fluid (example: contact dermatitis)
21
Q
define purulent
A
2ndary lesion: Containing pus (example: infection)
22
Q
define hemorrhagic
A
2ndary lesion: Containing red cells; a scab (example: healing herpes zoster)
23
Q
define eroded
A
2ndary lesion: Showing a superficial defect in the skin surface which does not penetrate through the epidermis (example: abrasion)
24
Q
defne ulcerated
A
2ndary lesion: Showing a skin defect which penetrates through the epidermis (example: diabetic foot ulcer)
NO DERMIS LEFT
25
define excoriated
2ndary lesion: Eroded or ulcerated, often in a linear fashion, due to scratching (example: dermatitis factitia)
26
define fissured
2ndary lesion: Split horizontally (example: chronic dermatitis)
27
define erythematous
2ndary lesion: Reddened; due to vasodilation with increased blood flow. Blanches with pressure (example: viral exanthem)
28
define edematous
2ndary lesion: Swollen; due to extravasation of serum and lymph into tissue (example: urticaria)
29
define pigmented
2ndary lesion: Showing changes in color due to melanin pigment
30
define hyperpigmented
2ndary lesion: Dark; due to increased amount of melanin (example: nevus)
31
define hypopigmented
2ndary lesion: Light; due to decreased amount of melanin (example: vitiligo)
Melaocytes make pigment, transfer to keratinocytes.
This picture is prolly post-inflamatory hypopigmentation. Melanytes are destroyed or brought further into the dermis.
32
define lichenified
2ndary lesion: Showing thickening with accentuation of the normal skin markings; usually a sign of chronicity associated with scratching or rubbing (example: atopic dermatitis) - RESPONSE TO CONSTANT pressure/scratching etc (related to callus, but not exact)
33
define telangietatic
2ndary lesion: Showing dilated small arterioles or capillaries coursing parallel to the skin surface (example: spider telangiectasia)
34
define atrophic
2ndary lesion: Emaciated or thinned (example: striae) (thin skin...stria - can be caused by constant use of steroidal creams)
35
define verrucous
2ndary lesion: WART Characterized by velvety or roughened wart-like change (example: verruca vulgaris)
36
define scarred
2ndary lesion: Showing fibrous connective tissue replacement; a result of dermal injury (example: keloid)
37
in what layer of skin are Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells found?
in the epidermis
## Footnote
```
Langerhans cells (antigen-presenting cells)
Melanocytes (pigment-forming cells)
Merkel cells (sensory cells)
```
38
What does this show?
Epithelium = barrier that protects from outside…any lining that touches outside
Called the epidermis in skin.
Upper layer = stratum corneum, dead cells.
Stem cells at base of epidermis, move up until evetuily die and become part of statum corneum
Bottom part is all dermis: soft tissue/connective tissue/ stroma (contains blood vessels), microlysacharides make up white space…
Bottom central cluster = ecrine sweat gland…
Also nerves, fat, smooth muscles, not seen here.
Melanocytes are right along the basal layer of epidermis (bottom of purple layer…)
Neoplasms try to resemble one of these types of skin.
39
Name the circles and the squiggles:
Circules = hair follicles. White around them = fat
Squiggle = erector pili smooth muscle
40
Where does most pigment reside?
in the epithelial cells, not in melanocytes
41
What does this show?
THICK SKIN – hyperplasia of epidermis. (Lichenified, vernicus skin would look like this…describe as scaly or hyperkkeratosis)
42
What does this show?
No epidermis. Pink = fiber/protein/exudate…mixed with neutrophils (dots)
43
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A flat, circumscribed region of skin with different color or texture (example: freckle)
Definition of macule
44
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A large macule (\> 1 cm) or a coalescence of macules (example: vitiligo) (like huge areas of depigmentation)
definition of patch
45
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A palpable, circumscribed change in consistency or contour of the skin (example: acne vulgaris - red zits) A SMALL RAISED AREA
definition of papule\*\*
46
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A papule larger than 1 cm in diameter (example: neurofibroma)
A LARGE PAPULE
define nodule
47
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A large nodule (example: lymphoma)
define tumor
48
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A coalescence of papules (example: psoriasis) COLLECTION OF PAPULES
define plaque\*\*
49
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
An encapsulated nodule filled with soft material (example: epidermal cyst)
define cyst
50
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A circumscribed, clear fluid filled lesion; a blister (example: Herpes simplex)
(A BLISTER)
define vesicle
51
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A large vesicle (example: bullous pemphigoid)
define bulla
52
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A vesicle filled with inflammatory cells (example: acne vulgaris - white head)
define pustule
53
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A palpable, circumscribed, area of edema with central pallor and peripheral erythema that usually disappears relatively quickly. (HIVES - localized area of swelling. white area surrounded by red)
these are eosinophil mediated processes
define wheal
54
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
Discoloration of the skin due to the presence of blood in the tissue, outside of blood vessels; will not blanch with pressure (example: vasculitis)
\* the pinpoint lesions lower in the picture = petechiae
define purpura
55
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A punctate region of purpura (tiny dots)
define petechiae
56
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A plug within a hair follicle canal which is composed of keratin and sebum; a blackhead (example: acne vulgaris)
define comedo
57
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A white papule composed of whorls of keratinized epidermal cells beneath the skin surface (example: milia)
those white dots on people's eyelids
define milium
58
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
A horizontal tunnel in the stratum corneum produced by a parasite (example: scabies)
define burrow
59
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Characterized by exfoliation of surface keratin cells (example: psoriasis)
define scaly
60
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesions subtype: Having very thick scale (example: icthyosis)
define hyperkaratoidic
61
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesions: Displaying dried exudate of fluid and/or cellular components on the skin surface.
define crusted
62
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Composed of serum or tissue fluid (example: contact dermatitis)
define serous
63
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Containing pus (example: infection)
define purulent
64
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Containing red cells; a scab (example: healing herpes zoster)
define hemorrhagic
65
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing a superficial defect in the skin surface which does not penetrate through the epidermis (example: abrasion)
define eroded
66
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing a skin defect which penetrates through the epidermis (example: diabetic foot ulcer)
NO DERMIS LEFT
defne ulcerated
67
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Eroded or ulcerated, often in a linear fashion, due to scratching (example: dermatitis factitia)
define excoriated
68
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Split horizontally (example: chronic dermatitis)
define fissured
69
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Reddened; due to vasodilation with increased blood flow. Blanches with pressure (example: viral exanthem)
define erythematous
70
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Swollen; due to extravasation of serum and lymph into tissue (example: urticaria)
define edematous
71
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing changes in color due to melanin pigment
define pigmented
72
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Dark; due to increased amount of melanin (example: nevus)
define hyperpigmented
73
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Light; due to decreased amount of melanin (example: vitiligo)
Melaocytes make pigment, transfer to keratinocytes.
This picture is prolly post-inflamatory hypopigmentation. Melanytes are destroyed or brought further into the dermis.
define hypopigmented
74
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing thickening with accentuation of the normal skin markings; usually a sign of chronicity associated with scratching or rubbing (example: atopic dermatitis) - RESPONSE TO CONSTANT pressure/scratching etc (related to callus, but not exact)
define lichenified
75
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing dilated small arterioles or capillaries coursing parallel to the skin surface (example: spider telangiectasia)
define telangietatic
76
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Emaciated or thinned (example: striae) (thin skin...stria - can be caused by constant use of steroidal creams)
define atrophic
77
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: WART Characterized by velvety or roughened wart-like change (example: verruca vulgaris)
define verrucous
78
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
2ndary lesion: Showing fibrous connective tissue replacement; a result of dermal injury (example: keloid)
define scarred
79
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
in the epidermis
## Footnote
```
Langerhans cells (antigen-presenting cells)
Melanocytes (pigment-forming cells)
Merkel cells (sensory cells)
```
in what layer of skin are Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and Merkel cells found?
80
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
Epithelium = barrier that protects from outside…any lining that touches outside
Called the epidermis in skin.
Upper layer = stratum corneum, dead cells.
Stem cells at base of epidermis, move up until evetuily die and become part of statum corneum
Bottom part is all dermis: soft tissue/connective tissue/ stroma (contains blood vessels), microlysacharides make up white space…
Bottom central cluster = ecrine sweat gland…
Also nerves, fat, smooth muscles, not seen here.
Melanocytes are right along the basal layer of epidermis (bottom of purple layer…)
Neoplasms try to resemble one of these types of skin.
What does this show?
81
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
Circules = hair follicles. White around them = fat
Squiggle = erector pili smooth muscle
Name the circles and the squiggles:
82
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
in the epithelial cells, not in melanocytes
Where does most pigment reside?
83
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
THICK SKIN – hyperplasia of epidermis. (Lichenified, vernicus skin would look like this…describe as scaly or hyperkkeratosis)
What does this show?
84
# Reverse Questions: name what's described:
No epidermis. Pink = fiber/protein/exudate…mixed with neutrophils (dots)
What does this show?
