Dermatology Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
UVA
A
- phototoxic rxn –> exaggerated sunburn
2
Q
Skin Regeneration process
A
- very thin, cells move up they die
- Lipids present on skin
- Epidermis mositure determines pliability
3
Q
Epidermis
A
- Dry skin, aging, being a barrier
4
Q
melanocytes
A
Suntan, vertigo, melanoma
5
Q
sebacceaus tissue
A
acne
6
Q
Sweat gland
A
heat related
7
Q
dermis
A
hair follicles, sebaceuous and sweat gands, sensations of itch, pain, stinging
8
Q
Factors that affect drug absorption on the skin
A
Skin Hydration –> Sweat –> Absorption increases
pH of Drug and vehicle
Thickness of application
Temperature of skin
9
Q
What is a finger-tip unit?
A
- One FTU equals the top crease of finger to end of finger
- Covers area of two sides of hand
10
Q
Erythema
A
- just redness
11
Q
Bullae
A
- Bigger version of blistering
12
Q
Wheal
A
- Little Bumps
13
Q
Papule, pustule, nodule, cyst
A
Acne
14
Q
Abscess
A
- Folliculitis –> hair growing back in (acte phase) redness –> 3-4 days after crusting
15
Q
Scales, plaque and Patch
A
Lichenification –> SKin thickens over time to protect itself
16
Q
Excoriation
A
- Mechnaical irritation
17
Q
Ulcer
A
Hole –> Diabetics foot
18
Q
Macuole
A
- Frecke
19
Q
Papule
A
- Pimple Like
20
Q
Xerosis
A
- Dry Skin
21
Q
Factors that can cause dry skin
A
- Excessive bathing/showering
- Low humdiity
Aging
Sun damage
Soaps –> not good for skin
Mechanical rubbing
22
Q
What conditions would a person have drier skin?
A
Diabetes
Hypothyroidism
23
Q
Tx for dry skin
A
Eczema Grade products –> Unscented, non-allergenic, gentlr/soapless, no colours added
24
Q
Non-drug tx for Dry Skin
A
- cut back bathing and showering
- less hot water
Pat dry rather than rub
Apply cream/lotion while still dry
Increase water intake and humidifier –> Not a mjor player
25
Bath Oils
- Oil and surfactant --> few tablespoons
- Can feel good --> No s/e
26
Colloidal Oatmeal
Tiny effect, but go for it
Water-holding, slight anti-inflammatory, anti-itch
27
Moisturizers Effectiveness
Bath oils
Lotions
Creams
Ointments
petroleum
Increase in effect, but user acceptance worse
28
Ceramide
- Ecezma --> Not useful --> needs to get underneath the skin not on top
29
Humectants and examples
- Hydroscopic cpds --> attract and hold water molecules, mainly dermis
Glycerin, phospholipids and urea
30
Keratin Softening Agents
-AHA and Urea
- Dermatologist recommended
- Dry skin on elbows and specialized spots
31
Salicyclic Acid
Not for dry skin
32
Tx Choice Questions to Consider
Lotion or cream
Stay clear of perfumes
Do I need an active ingridient? Often --> NO
33
Cracked/Dry Heels
- Sand down keratin
Keep clean
Use lotion, cream, ointment
Nexcare --> good option, put into the crack to seal it, then put lotion or cream
34
Cracked Nails and Biotin
Not gonna help
35
Age Spots
Hyperpigmentation --> "Liver spots"
Tretinoin, hydroquinone, monobenzone
36
Anti-wrinkle
hereditary, smoking, sun exposure
AHA's or Tretinoin
- Prevention --> Lotions with SPF
37
Itch causes
- Multidimensional --> Increases as we age
38
Non-med tx for Itch
Cool compress, less hot showers, dry skin products
39
What products help with itch?
- Ecezma grade --> no added perfumes, colours or irritants
40
What can ecezma grade products be used for?
- Dry skin, itch, ecezma, sunburn
41
Calamine Use in Itch
- First aid (insect bites) or chickenpox only
42
Menthol Uses for Itch
Less than 1% --> Anti-pruritic --> helpful for dry skin
Greater than 1% --> Counter-irritant --> RUBA535
43
Local Anasthetics for Itch?
Benzocaine and Pramoxine --> No --. FIRST AID
44
Are anti-histamines useful for itch?
NO
45
Topical Steroids for Itch?
Yes
Hydrocortisone --> 0.5-1% --> 7 potency
Clobetasome (Behind-the-counter) --> 4 potency
reverse effects of mediators that cause itch
46
Describe the steroid potency scale?
7 - Low potency
4 --> Medium Potency
1 --> High potency
47
An itch and a rash usually indicates a.....
skin condition
48
An itch and no rash usually indicates a....
systemic disease
49
What is eczema? What are the phases?
Skin-barrier dysfunction
Acute (7 days) --> Blistering
Sub acute --> dry skin
Chronic --> Scalling
All stages are common
50
Where is ecezma most common on infants?
The face
51
Differentials of Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Contact Derm
- Impetigo --> Bacterial --> Yellow crusting
- 5th Disease --> Flushed face --> not itcy
- Prickly heat --> heat/sweat trapped
- Seborrhea Dermatitis
52
What can worsen ecezma?
- irritants wool >cotton, sweating, hand soaps/sanitizers
- Allergens
53
Tx of Ecezma
1. Ecezma grade lotions
DO NOT NEED CERAMIDE, CALAMINE
Can use plain water baths to help with itchy lesions
54
Topical Steroids Use in Ecezma
- apply whetehr oozing or dry
- cream or ointment
0.5-1% Hydrocortisone --> Potency 1
Clobetasome --> Potency 4
55
What is the "3 week rule" and is it true?
- Can only use steroids for 3 weeks
- Not true; only for very potent steroids
- Common s/e --> Skin atrophy, straie, telangiectasia (spider veins)
56
How to choose a steroid for ecezma and when to use?
- Rough and red --> Appply steroid
Stop when clear and smooth
FTU --> Adult finger --> every time
Match steroid strength to derm severity
57
Calcineurin Inhibitors
- 2nd line agent
- steroid free > 2 years old
No skin atrophy
Useful for think skin areas --> face
Pimecrolinus
tacrolinus
prevent rather than react acutely
58
PDE4 Inhibitor
- JACK inhibitor
- Non-steroidal
-
59
probiotics
- Tx --> Not helpful
Prevention --> Helpful --> But dose and type
60
Fifth Disease
- Flushed face
- Parovirus --> Starts with a cold
- 5-6 years old
- No tx
61
Roseola (Sixth Disease)
- Viral
- High fever, cold symptoms, not itchy
Maculopapular rash
NO tx --> Contagious
62
Hand/Foot/Mouth
Viral --> Starts with a cold
2 days fever, 2 days mouth sores, 2 days rash
5 years old
no tx
63
Molloscum
- Viral
Similar to warts
skin to skin contact
10-20 lesions on average
16-18 months to eradicate naturally; surgically remove
adults can get it
64
Erthymea Toxicum
Flat red splotches, white pimple-like bump in middle
half of all babies
Gone in 7-14 days
Generally benign
65
Millia
- Pediatric acne --> little bumps
Along nose line
No tx
66
Impetigo
- Bacterial
- Kids 2-5
Prescribe for this
Yellow crusts usually near mouth
2-3 weeks
staphlocoocus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes
Pustules -- Rupture --> Yellow crusts
Tx --> Mupicron --> 7 days --> Remove crusts first, then apply anti-biotic
67
Folliculitis
- Ingrown hair
Mupricon --> 10 days
Fuscidic acid
68
Measles
Viral
harder on kids than German Measles
Chcicken pox is itchier
Not much therapy
Sick 3-5 days
Cough lasts after rash
39-40 C --> fever
rash, but sick for 7-14 days
69
german Measles
- gnerally mild
fever, rash, itchy rash
many have few or no symptoms
70
Chicken Pox
Maculopapular
red spots --> fluid blisters --> scab over
Calamine
No NSAIDS
71
Mumps
Swollen salivary glands
