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Med Finals - Paediatrics > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Define eczema

A

A chronic atopic condition caused by defects in the normal continuity of the skin barrier leading to inflammation - dry red itchy sore patches typically on flezors

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2
Q

Management of eczema

A

Maintenance - emollient, soap substitutes
Flares - thicker emollients, topical steorids, manage complication

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3
Q

Define eczema herpeticum

A

Viral skin infection caused by herpes simplex or vaicella zoster. Usually occurs in those who already have a skin condition

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4
Q

Presentation of eczema herpeticum

A

Suffers with eczema
Develops widespread painful vesicular rash
Systemic symptoms
Fever
Lethargy
Irritability
Reduced oral intake
Lymphadenopathy

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5
Q

Management of oczema herpeticum

A

Viral swabs
Aciclovir

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6
Q

Define psoriasis

A

Chronic auto immune condition that causes recurrent of psoriatic skin lesions

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7
Q

Describe psoriasis lesions

A

Dry
Flaky
Scaly
Faintly erythematoud
Raised
Rough plaques
Commonly over extensors

Caused by rapid generation of skin cells

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8
Q

Presentation of psoriasis

A

Often triggered by throat infection - guttate psoriasis
Auspitz sign - small point of bleeding when plaques scraped off
Koebner phenomenon - development of psoriatic lesion to areas of skin affected by trauma
Residual pigmentation - of skin after lesions resolve

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9
Q

Management of psoriasis

A

Topical steroids
Topical vit D
Topical dithranol
Topical tacrolimus
Phototherapy

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10
Q

Associations with psoriasis

A

Nail psoritatis - pitting, thickening, discolouration, ridging onycholysis
Psoriatic arthritis
Psychosocial
Obesity, hyperlipidaemia, HTN TIIDM

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11
Q

Define acne vulgaria

A

Extremely common condition affecting people during puberty and adolescence - blockage of pores leads to swelling and inflammation

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12
Q

Presentation of acne

A

Red inflamed sore spots on skin - typically face, upper chest and back
Macules
Papules
Pustules
Comedomes
Blackheads
Ice pick scars
Hypertrophic scars
Rolling scars

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13
Q

Define macules

A

Flat marks on the skin

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14
Q

Define papules

A

Small lumps on the skin

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15
Q

Defin pustules

A

Small lumps containing yellow pus

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16
Q

Define comedomes

A

Skin colours papules representing blocked pilosebaceous units

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17
Q

Define ice pick scars

A

Small indentations that remain after acne lesions heal

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18
Q

Define hypertrophic scars

A

Small lumps in the skin that remain after acne lesions heal

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19
Q

Define rolling scars

A

Irregular wave like irregularities of the skin that remain after acne lesions heal

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20
Q

Define measles

A

Viral xanthem caused by measles virus - highly contagious, respiratory droplet
10-12 day incubation

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21
Q

Presentation of measles

A

Fever
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots - greyish white spots on buccal mucosa
Rash

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22
Q

Management of measles

A

Self resolving - week after symptoms apear - isolate until 4 days post symptoms resolving.
Notifiable disease
Manage complication

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23
Q

Complications of measles

A

Pneumonia
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Encephalitis
Meningitis
Hearing loss
Vision loss
Death

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24
Q

Rash in measles

A

Starts on face - typically behind ears
Spreads to rest of body
Erythematous
Macular rash - flat lesions
Koplik spots - greyish white spots in buccal mucosa

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25
Define scarlet fever
Viral exantem caused by group A strep - contagious, isolate from school until 24 hours after starting antibiotics
26
Presentation of scarlet fever
Fever Lethargy Flushed face Sore throat Strawberry tongue Cervical lymphadenopathy Notifiable disease
27
Management of scarlet fever
Antibiotics - phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days
28
Rash in scarlet fever
Whide spread erythematous rash Red pin Blotchy Macular rash Rough sandpaper skin Starts on trunk and spreads outwards Strawberry tongue
29
Define rubella
Viral xanthem caused by rubella virus - highly contagious, respiratory droplet - incubation 2 weeks.
30
Presentation of rubella
Rash Fever Joint pain Sore throat Enlarged lymph nodes - behind ears and neck
31
Management of rubella
Self limiting Supportive management Notifiable Avoid pregnancy Isolate from school until 5 days post rash appearing
32
Rash in rubella
Like measles but milder Erythematous macular rash Starts on face and spreads Classically lasts 3 days
33
Define Dukes disease
Non specific viral rash - does not really exist
34
Define slapped cheek syndrome
Viral xanthem caused by parvovirus B19
35
Presentation of slapped cheek syndrome
Non specific viral symptoms Fever Coryza Muscle aches Lethargy Rash appears 2-5 days later
36
Complications of slapped cheek syndrome
Aplastic anaemia Encephalitis or meningitis Pregnancy complication Rarely hepatitis, myocarditis or nephritis
37
Management of slapped cheek syndrome
Self limiting - 1-2 wees Supportive management Infectious until rash is formed.
38
Rash in slapped cheek syndrome
Rapidly speads Diffue bright red rash on both sheeks Few days later Reticular - net like Mildly erythematous Spreads to trunk and limbs Raised and itchy
39
Define roseola infantum
Viral exanthem caused by human herpesvirus 6 1-2 week incubation
40
Presentation of roseola infantum
Rapid onset high fever - 1-2 weeks post infection Lasts 3-5 days and disappears May be viral symptoms When fever settles rash appears
41
Management of roseola infantum
Full recovery within a week Often well enough to attend nursery
42
Complication of roseola infantum
Febrile convulsion - very high fever
43
Rash in roseola infantum
Mild erythematous Macular rash Arms legs trunk and face Not itchy
44
Define erythema multiforme
An erythematous rash causd by hypersensitivity reaction - commonly viral infection and mredication
45
Presentation of erythema multiforme
Widespread Itchy Erythematous rash Target lesions - red ring withing learger red rings Presents abruptly over a few days Associated with other systemic feature Fever Muscle and joint chaes Headaches General flu like illness
46
Management of erythema multiforme
Mange causes Often self resolving - 1-4 weeks
47
Define urticaria
Hives - Small itchy lumps that appear on the skin, caused y the released of histamine
48
Causes of urticaria
Allergies to food Contact with chemicals Medications Viral infections Insect bites Dermatographism
49
Management of urticaria
Antihistamines Fexofenadine Oral steroids - severs
50
Define chicken pox
Viral infection caused by highly contagious varicella zoster virus. s
51
Presentation of chicken pox
Widespread Erythematous Raised Vesicular Blistering Starts on trunk or face spreads outwards Contagious until lesions scab over Fever Itch General malaise
52
Complications of chicken pox
Bacterial superinfection Dehydration Conjunctival lesions Pneumonia Encephalitis Shingles Ramsay Hunt syndrome
53
Management of chicken pox
Self terminating
54
Management of chicken pox
Self terminating Aciclovir Manage complications Calamine lotion and antihistamine
55
Define hand foot and mouth disease
Viral infection caused by coxsackie A virus- incubation of 3-5 days
56
Presentation of hand foot and mouth
URTI symptoms Small mouth ulcers appear 1-2 days later. Blistering red spots acrodd body - hands feet and mouth Painful mouth ulcers Itchy
57
Management of hand foot and mouth disease
Highly contagious - avoid sharing towels Self resolving Supportive management
58
Complications of hand foot and mouth
Dehydration Bacterial super infection Encephalitis
59
Define molluscum contagiosum
Viral skin infection caused by molluscum contagiosum virus - poxvirus Spread through direct contact - sharing towels or sheets
60
Presentation of molluscum contagiosum
Small Flesh coloured Papules with central dimple Appear in crops of multiple lesions
61
Management of molluscum contagiosum
Limited changes necessary Avoid scratching Fully resolve - may take up to 18 months
62
Define pityriasis rosea
Generalised self limiting rash that has unknown cause
63
Presentation of pityriasis rosea
Prodromal flu-like symptoms Rash starts - herald patch - faint red or pink scaly oval shaped lesion 2cm or more usually somewhere on torso, appears 2 days prior to rest of the rash Develop more lesions like this that can be arranged in christmas tree fashion
64
Management of pityriasis rosea
Resolves without treatment within 3 months Not contagious Antihistamines for itch
65
Define seborrheic dermatitis
Inflammatory skin condition affecting the sebaceous glands
66
Management of seborrheic dermatitis
Infants - baby oil, petroleum jelly Dandruff - ketoconaxole shampoo Face and body - clotrimazol, miconazole
67
Define ring worm
Fungal infection of the skin - named according to area affected
68
Presentation of ringworm
Itchy Erythematous Scaly Well demarcated rash One or several rings Spreading outwards More prominent edge
69
Presentation of tinea capitis
Ring worm on scalp Well demarcated hair loss Itching Dryness Erythema
70
Presentation of tinea pedia
Athletes foot Red white Flaky cracked Itchy patches Split Bleeding
71
Management of ringworm
Clinical diagnosis - samples for microscopy and culture Anti fungal creams - clotrimazole Antifungal shampoo - ketoconazole Oral antifungal - fluconazole, itraconazole Education/lifestyle management
72
Define nappy rash
Contact dermatitis in the nappy area - caused by friction between skin and nappy and contact with urine and faeces indide dirty nappy. Can lead to fungal or bacterial infection
73
Risk factors for nappy rash
Delayed changing Irritant soap products and vigorous cleaning Certain types of nappies Diarrhoea Oral antibiotics Preterm infants
74
Presentation of nappy rash
Sore Red Inflammation Individual patches Spares skin creases Papules
75
Management of nappy rash
Lifestyle measures Treat infection Will resolve with good nappy hygiene
76
Define scabies
Tiny mtes called sarcoptes scabiei that burrow under the skin causing infection and intesnse itching Lay eggs in the skin
77
Presentation of scabies
Incredibly itchy small red spots possibly with track marks Classicaly in finger webs
78
Management of scabies
Permethrin cream - applied to whole body Oral ivermectin Wash all clothes, bedclothes towels on very hot wash
79
Define head lice
Pediculus humanus capitis parasite which causes infestations of the scalp - in school aged children Nits
80
Management of head lice
Dimeticone - applied to heair and left to dry Fine combs
81
Define erythema nodosum
Condition where red lumps appear across the patients shins - inflammation of subcut fat and
82
Associations with erythema nodosum
Hypersensitivity reaction Strep throat Gastroenteritis Mycoplasma TB Pregnancy Meds IBD Sarcoidosis Lymphoma
83
Define impetigo
Superficial bacterial skin infection caused by staph aureus
84
Main tyoes of impetigo
Bullous Non bullous
85
Define Non bullous impetigo
Occurs around nose or mouth Exudate form golden crust
86
Define bullous impetigo
More systemic infection - lesions are widespread - staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome
87
Management of impetigo
Topical fusidic acid Oral flucloxacillin
88
Define scalded skin syndrome
Wide spread ataph aureus infection
89
Presentation of scalded skin syndrome
Generalised patches of erythema on skin Fluid filled bullae - burns Skin flakes away Systemic upset
90
Management of scalded skin syndrome
IV antibiotics
91
Define Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Spectrum of pathology where disproportional immune response causes epidermal necrosis resulting in blistering and shedding of the top layer of skin - SJS -> toxic epidermal necrolysis
92
Causes of stevens-Johnson syndrome
Medications Anti-epileptic Antibiotics Allopurinal NSAIDs Infection Herpes simplex Mycoplasma pneumonia Cytomegalovirus HIV
93
Presentation of stevens johnsosn syndrome
Non specific symptoms - fever, cough sore throat mouth itchy skin Develop purple reddish rash Spreads across skin Starts to blister Skin breaks away and sheds - raw tissue underneath Eyes become inflamed and ulcerated
94
Management of SJS
Emergency Supportive care Steroids Imunoglobulins Immunosuppressants

Med Finals - Paediatrics (17 decks)

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