BDS3 BAMS > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A
  • Provides anatomical barrier
  • Main method of heat regulation
  • Sensory input from the body
  • Storage for lipids and water
  • Drug absorption and waste excretion
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2
Q

What is the skins commensal flora?

A
  • Staphylocci
  • Candida
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3
Q

What is the difference between oily skin and normal skin?

A
  • More secretions from sebaceous glands
  • More bacterial colonisation (500million in oily and 50 million in normal)
  • More risk of pore blockage so spots and pimples
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4
Q

What are blackheads?

A
  • AKA comedones
  • Build up of Keratin and sebum
  • Block pores and oxidise to give black appearance
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5
Q

What are some bacterial infections of skin?

A
  • Furuncles and carbuncles
  • Acne
  • Erysipelas
  • Impetigo
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6
Q

What are furuncles and the organism associated with it?

A
  • Infection of skin
  • Pockets filled with pus
  • Furuncles grouped together carbuncles
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Red painful and swollen
  • Drain pus and antibiotics not always necessary
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7
Q

What is Acne?

A
  • Term for lesions arising from comedones/ papules/ pustules/ nodules and inflammatory cysts
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8
Q

What are causes of Acne?

A
  • Follicular sensitivity to testosterone
  • Propionibacterium acnes overgrows and lead to infection and cysts which can scar
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9
Q

What is Acne made worse by?

A
  • Progestogen contraceptive pills
  • Greasy skin cleansers
  • Systemic steroid treatment
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10
Q

What is the local management of Acne?

A
  • Reduces excess skin oil with gentle soap cleaners
  • Antibacterial agents like benzoyl peroxide and retinoids
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11
Q

What is the systemic management of Acne?

A
  • Antibiotics like minocyclin
  • Retinoids like Isotretinoin
  • Hormone manipulation like cyproterone
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12
Q

What is erysipelas and organism associated with it?

A
  • Infection of upper layer of skin and superficial lymphatics caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
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13
Q

How do you manage Erysipelas?

A
  • Systemic antibiotics
  • Be careful it can progress to necrotising fasciitis or septic shock
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14
Q

What is necrotising Fasciitis?

A
  • Bacterial infection results in death of body’s soft tissues
  • Blisters, skin discolouration and fever
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15
Q

What is Impetigo and organism associated with it?

A
  • Highly infectious skin disease
  • Staphylococcal or Streptococcal
  • Treated with topical antibiotics
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16
Q

What are some viral skin infections?

A
  • Herpes simplex
  • Shingles
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Warts
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17
Q

What do herpes simplex infections affect?

A
  • Affect single dermatome or adjacent dermatomes
  • Activated by trauma i.e. Physical, chemical, UV light or run down
  • Treat with Aciclovir
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18
Q

What do Herpes zoster affect and how to treat?

A
  • Affects single dermatome
  • Causes significant pain from neural inflammation from virus in nerve
  • Pain may persists as pt has post herpetic neuralgia
  • Treat with high dose aciclovir
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19
Q

What is Molluscum contagiosum caused by?

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A
  • MCV - pox virus
  • It is clusters of small papules and not usually infants and children with atopic eczema
20
Q

What are warts caused by?

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A
  • HPV
  • Contact spread
21
Q

How to treat Warts?

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A
  • Keratolysis
  • Cryosurgery
  • Excision
22
Q

What are some fungal skin infections?

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A
  • Athletes foot (tinea pedis)
  • Nail infections (onycholysis)
  • Ringworm
  • Intertrigo
  • Pityriasis versicolor
23
Q

How to treat Athletes foot?

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A
  • Prevent by keeping skin clean dry and damage free
  • Antifungal/antibacterial cream like miconazole
24
Q

What is ringworm called when it affects scalp?

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A
  • Tinea capitis
  • Inflammation of scalp leading to hair loss
25
What is Intertrigo and how to treat?
- Fungal infections due to chafing in moist areas - Under breasts - Armpits - Inner thighs - Treat with miconazole
26
What is Pityriasis versicolor and how to treat?
- Patchy skin pigmentation of pale red or brownish - Caused by pityrosporum orbiculare - Treat with topical ketoconazole or systemic itraconazole
27
What are some skin infestations?
- Scabies - Lice
28
What is scabies?
- Infection with sarcoptes scabei from contact with infected person - Burrows appear on skin - Itching and rash and can persist after infestation gone
29
What is the treatment of Scabies?
- Scabicides - Benzyl benzoate - Apply to whole body and treat all close contacts
30
What is Lice treatment?
- Personal and clothing hygiene - Chemical insecticides like Permethrin
31
What are some inflammatory skin disease?
- Eczema - Occupational dermatitis - Psoriasis
32
What is Eczema?
- Inflammation of flexor surfaces of skin or trunk - Becomes itchy, dry, flaky and occasionally weeps - Atopic and contact types
33
What is the management of eczema?
- Cotton clothing - Emollients - Corticosteroids - Soap substitutes
34
How do emollients help eczema?
- Oily and prevents dryings of irritated skin - After after bathing to trap moisture
35
How do corticosteroids help eczema?
- Remove inflammation and allow skin to return to normal
36
What is occupational (contact) dermatitis?
- Reaction to environmental agent - Usually results in rash - Intense itch - Treatment to remove source
37
What is Psoriasis?
- Inflammation of skin - Dysregulated epidermal proliferation - New cells produced faster than old cells lost - Skin surface builds up and thickens
38
What is the treatment of Psoriasis?
- Emollients - Topical steroids - Drugs to reduce cell turnover like methotrexate
39
What are some blistering conditions?
- Pemphigoid - Pemphigus - Epidermolysis bullosa
40
What are some connect tissue disease?
- Scleroderma - Dermatomyositis - Raynauds
41
How do blisters form on skin?
- Auto-antibody attack on skin components causing loss of cell-cell adhesion - Split forms in skin - fills with inflammatory exudate and forms vesicle/blister
42
What is Pemphigoid?
- SUB epithelial antibody attack - Thick walled blisters - Clear or blood filled
43
Where do we see Pemphigus vulgaris?
- Usually oral lesions before skin - Affects mucosa and skin
44
What is Epidermolysis bullosa?
- Group of inherited connective tissue diseases that cause blisters in skin and mucosal membranes
45
What are some problems with epidermolysis bullosa?
- Infection - Fluid loss - Scarring
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