dermatology

Question 1

what are the different categories to consider when describing skin lesions?

Answer 1

1. Lumps
   
   • size of lump
   • contents of lump
2. colour changes
   
   • redness
3. superficial changes
4. hair changes
   
   • too much
   • too little

Question 2

what is the appropriate terminology to describe small lumps?

Answer 2

papule (<5mm)

Question 3

what is the appropriate terminology to describe large lumps?

Answer 3

nodule (5-10mm)

Question 4

what is the appropriate terminology to describe water filled lumps?

Answer 4

papule water filled lumps = vesicle

nodule water filled lumps = bulla

Question 5

what is the appropriate terminology to describe puss filled lumps?

Answer 5

pustule

Question 6

what is the appropriate terminology to describe red lumps?

Answer 6

erythema

Question 7

what is the appropriate terminology to describe non palpable flat lessions?

Answer 7

macule

macule >2cm is a patch

Question 8

what is the appropriate terminology to describe palpable flat lessions?

Answer 8

plaque

Question 9

what is the appropriate terminology to describe scratches?

Answer 9

exocriations

Question 10

what is the appropriate terminology to describe stretches?

Answer 10

striae

Question 11

what is the appropriate terminology to describe an itch?

Answer 11

pruritus

Question 12

what is the appropriate terminology to describe thinning?

Answer 12

atrophy

Question 13

what is the appropriate terminology to describe thread veins?

Answer 13

telangiectasia

Question 14

what is the appropriate terminology to describe scaling?

Answer 14

scaling / ichthyosis

Question 15

what is the appropriate terminology to describe loss of epidermis?

Answer 15

erosion

Question 16

what is the appropriate terminology to describe loss of epidermis + dermis?

Answer 16

ulcer

Question 17

what is the appropriate terminology to describe bruising/thickening of epidermis?

Answer 17

lichenification

Question 18

what is the appropriate terminology to describe too much hair?

Answer 18

hirsutism

Question 19

what is the appropriate terminology to describe too little hair?

Answer 19

alopecia

Question 20

What is psoriasis?

Answer 20

Most common inflammatory dermatoses

Autoimmune disease involving T cells and keratinocytes

Question 21

What are the causes of psoriasis?

Answer 21

may be inherited

(Family members can suffer simultaneously)

Question 22

What are the common psoriasis triggers?

Answer 22

Injury to the skin

Drinking alcohol in excess

Smoking

Stress

Hormonal changes

Question 23

What are the symptoms of psoriasis?

Answer 23

Psoriasis plaques usually form on:

• Elbows
• Knees
• Forehead

Pitting of the nails

Psoriasis affects joints causing deformations

Question 24

What are the treatments for psoriasis?

Answer 24

Topical:

• Salicylic acid
• Steroids
• Vitamin D analogues

Systemic:

• Retinoids
• Cytotoxic drugs
• Monoclonal antibodies

Question 25

What is eczema?

Answer 25

Dermatitis Chronic skin disease

Question 26

What causes eczema?

Answer 26

Internal: - Born with it - Usually have other reactions e.g. asthma + hay fever - (Asthma, eczema and hay fever = atopy) External: - Occupation related

Question 27

What are the symptoms of eczema?

Answer 27

Rashes on: - Inner wrist - Inner area of elbow - Behind the knees - Face

Question 28

What are the treatments of eczema?

Answer 28

Topical: - Emollients - Steroids - Immunosuppressant Systemic: - Anti-histamines - Immunosuppressant

Question 29

what is malignant melanoma?

Answer 29

Skin cancer

Question 30

What are the risk factors of malignant melanoma?

Answer 30

- Some genetic predispositions to melanoma - Non-inherited mutations - Sun exposure - Type of skin

Question 31

What are the signs of malignant melanoma?

Answer 31

Moles form on the trunk or legs

Question 32

What are the treatment of malignant melanoma?

Answer 32

Wide local excision Radiotherapy Chemotherapy

Question 33

What is vitiligo?

Answer 33

skin becomes depigmented

Question 34

What causes vitiligo?

Answer 34

* Autoimmune conditions * Trigger event (Usually stress) * Hereditary

Question 35

What are the signs and symptoms of vitiligo?

Answer 35

Pale white patches which develop on the skin Areas most likely affected: - Skin around mouth + eyes - Armpits - Fingers and wrist - Genitals

Question 36

What are the 2 types of vitiligo?

Answer 36

Segmental vs non-segmental

Question 37

What are the treatments for vitiligo?

Answer 37

Topical steroids Calcineurin inhibitors Cosmetic camouflage Sunscreen

Question 38

What is alopecia areata?

Answer 38

Spot baldness

Question 39

What causes alopecia areata?

Answer 39

Autoimmune

Question 40

What are the treatments of alopecia areata?

Answer 40

Topical + intralesional steroids Calcineurin inhibitors Cosmetic methods

Question 41

what is acne?

Answer 41

skin condition that affects suebaceous glands

Question 42

what causes acne?

Answer 42

varies depending on the type

Question 43

what are the treatments for acne?

Answer 43

trying topical agents first then trying oral treatments

Question 44

what are the symptoms of acne?

Answer 44

comedones (2 types): - open - blackheads - closed - whiteheads papules pustules nodules cyst scars