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Primary Care Block Year 3 > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis
Basement membrane
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

What is a pneumonic to help guide a dermatology consultation?

A

SCAM

S- Site, ditribution
C - Colour
A - Associated changes e.g surface feautures
M - Morphology of individual lesions

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3
Q

What does ABCD stand for in dermatology to describe pigmented lesions?

A

A - Assymetry
B - Border
C - Colour
D - Diameter

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4
Q

What does a generalised distribution mean?

A

It all over the body

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5
Q

What describes a rash confined to areas with joints that flex e.g elbow crease

A

Flexural

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6
Q

What distribution describes a rash confined to areas that extend e.g elbow

A

Extensor

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7
Q

What word describes when areas affected by the rash are only ones that see sunlight?

A

Photosensitive distrubution

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8
Q

What word decribes when lesions are separated from one another?

A

Discrete ( configuration)

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9
Q

What word describes when lesions overlap each other?

A

Confluent

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10
Q

What a linear configuration of a lesion indicate?

A

Koebner’s Phenomenon

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11
Q

What is Koebner’s Phenomenon?

A

Presence of inflammatory skin disease in response to trauma ( e.g scratching ) - usually psoriasis , lichen planus and vitiligo

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12
Q

What rash typically gives target shaped lesions?

A

Erythema Multiforme

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13
Q

What can cause Erythema Multiforme?

A

Herpes Simplex Virus
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae infection

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14
Q

What word describes when a skin change is red and blanching?

A

Erythematous

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15
Q

What word describes when a lesion is red/purple and non-blanching?

A

Purpuric

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16
Q

What is a purpuric rash?

A

Its when red blood cells have leaked out or extravasated to the skin

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17
Q

What word describes brown/ black pigmentation?

A

Pigmented or Hyperpigmented

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18
Q

What word describes loss of colour from skin?

A

Hypopigmentation

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19
Q

What word describes total loss of colour from the skin? What condition is this specific for?

A

Depigmentation , usually Vitiligo

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20
Q

What word describes a build up of keratin on the skin?

A

Scale

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21
Q

What word describes dried exudate on the skin?

A

Crust

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22
Q

What word describes the appearance of erosions from scratching ?

A

Excoriation, implies rash is pruritic

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23
Q

What word describes partial or full thickness loss of skin?

A

Erosion = partial
Ulceration = full

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24
Q

What is a macule?

A

Flat lesion of altered colour that is <1cm

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25
What is a patch?
A large flat area of altered colour >1cm
26
What is a Papule?
An elevated palpable lesion <1cm
27
What is a Nodule?
An elevated palpable lesion > 1cm
28
What is a cyst?
A papule or nodule that contains fluid so is fluctuant
29
What is a Plaque?
An elevated thickened lesion >1cm
30
What is a vesicle?
A fluid filled blister >1cm
31
What is a bulla
A fluid filled blister >1cm
32
What is a pustule?
A circumscribed lesion containing pus
33
What is a wheal?
A transient elevation of the skin due to dermal oedema , indicates urticaria/ urticaria like condition
34
What is a Comedone?
Acne Open - whiteheads Closed - blackheads
35
What is hair loss called?
Alopecia
36
How can alopecia be described?
Patchy or Diffuse
37
What is excess hair growth called?
Hypertrichosis
38
What is excess hair growth in a masculine distribution called?
Hirsuitism
39
What is Koilonychia?
Spoon-shaped nails
40
What is Onycholysis ?
Splitting of the nail plate from the nail bed?
41
What word describes when lesion is affecting the distal extremities ( ears, fingers, toes, penis, nipples etc )
Acral
42
What word describes when lesions are confined to one or more segments of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve?
Dermatomal
43
What word describes when lesion is round?
Nummular
44
What word describes when lesion is ring-shaped?
Annular
45
What describes a lesion which has concentric rings?
A target lesions
46
What is the first line treatment for Acne Vulgaris?
Fixed combination of topical Adapalene and Benzyol Peroxide ( Epiduo ) 12 week course of Oral doxycyline
47
What is the management for severe Acne Vulgaris that does not respond to initial treatment?
Dermatology referral
48
What is the presentation of Seborrhoeic dematitis?
An itchy rash that affects the gland-rich lesions of the face , scalp and trunk. Its erythematous, yellow and scaly
49
What is the most common side effect of Isotretinoin?
Dry skin - reduces sebum production to reduce comedome formation in Severe Acne
50
How does Lichen Planus present?
Itchy rash which is purple, raised and has fine white lines on the surface They also have Wickham Striae on the oral mucosa
51
What is the treatment for Lichen Planus?
Topical steroids
52
What is the treatment for athlete’s foot?
Topical Miconazole
53
What can topical corticosteroids cause on patients with darker skin?
Patchy depigmentation
54
What is Dermatitis Herpetiformis caused by? How does it present?
Coeliac Disease Itchy, vesicular lesions on extensor surfaces
55
What is the first line treatment for Psoriasis?
Topical corticosteroid
56
What are the types of skin cancer?
Melanoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Basal Cell Carcinoma
57
How does a Melanoma present?
A new mole or change in appearance of an existing mole ( Irregular shape, multiple colours, can be itchy, can bleed) History of sun exposure / tanning beds More common in Fitzpatrick Type 1 skin types
58
What is the treatment for Melanoma?
Surgical Excision
59
How does Basal Cell Carcinoma present?
Occurs mostly on the face, head, neck and hands Appears as a flat, firm, pale area that is small, raised, pink or rer, translucent, shiny and waxy They can look like ope sores and they may ooze, crust, itch and bleed
60
What are some risk factors for Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Sun exposure Radiation therapy Fitzpatrick Type 1 Skin Older Immune-suppressing drugs Family History
61
How does a Squamous Cell Carcinoma appear?
Scaly red patches, open sores, rough, thickened or wart-like skin Or raised growths with a central depression
62
What are some risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma?
Sun exposure Fitzpatrick Type 1 Skin Tanning beds Weakened Immune system
63
What is the treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Surgical Excision
64
What is the treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Surgical excision Cryotherapy Radiotherapy
65
Contact Dermatitis is what type of sensitivity reaction?
Type IV Hypersensitivity
66
What is the first line treatment for Rosacea?
Topical ivermectin + oral doxycycline
67
What is Eczema Herpiticum?
When an area of eczema is infected by Herpes SImplex Virus. Presents with rash on torso and face and flu-like symptoms
68
What is the treatment for a dermatophyte nail infection?
Oral terbinafine
69
Which gastro condition is Dermatitis Herpetiformis associated with?
Coeliac Disease
70
What is Pityriasis Versicolor?
A common superficial fungal infection. Presents with hyperpigmented scaly macules and patches on trunk and proximal extremities
71
What is the treatment for pityriasis versicolor?
Ketoconazole shampoo ( anti-fungal shampoo)
72
An adult with erythematous target lesions on the hands which later spread to the torso following a herpes simplex infection What is the likely diagnosis?
Erythema Multiforme
73
What is the treatment for seborrhoeic dermatitis?
Topical Ketoconazole
74
What is Psoriasis commonly worsened by?
Alcohol ACE inhibitors Lithium NSAIDs B-Blockers Chloroquine
75
A middle-aged woman develops painful, erythematous, nodular lesions over both shins What is the likely diagnosis?
Erythema nodosum
76
Purple, pruritic, polygonal plaques in a question is most likely to indicate?
Lichen Planus
77
An obese man with type 2 diabetes mellitus develops brown, velvety plaques on his neck and axillae What is the likely diagnosis?
Acanthosis Nigricans
78
What is the treatment of choice for rosacea with predominant erythema/flushing?
Topical Brimonidine
79
What is the treatment for severe Acne Vulgaris?
Oral Isotretinoin ( Roaccutane )
80
What are side effects of Isotretinoin?
Dry mouth, skin, lips Rashes Mild pruritus Arthralgia Photosensitivity Epistaxis Hair thinning Depression
81
An elderly women develops itchy, tense blisters around the flexures. There is no mucosal involvement s a stereotypical history of?
Bullous pemphigoid
82
A young adult notices hypopigmented patches on her trunk after coming getting a suntan. The patches are mildly pruritic with some scale is a stereotypical history of?
Pityriasis Versicolor
83
A man presents with a raised, red, spherical lesion on his neck. It initially was a red spot but rapidly grew over 4 weeks is a stereotypical history of?
Pyogenic Granuloma
84
An elderly woman develops a reticulated, hyperpigmented rash after using a hot water bottle excessively is a stereotypical history of?
Erythema ab igne
85
On examination, the child is alert and interactive but appears pale. Multiple discrete purple blotches around both ankles extending up his shins, which are non-blanching. The boy is afebrile and all other observations are within normal limits for his age. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
Children with new-onset purpura should be referred immediately for investigations to exclude ALL and meningococcal disease
86
Where are Keloid scars most commonly formed?
Sternum
87
What is Livedo Reticularis?
A purplish, lace-patterned discolouration of the skin
88
What is Livedo Reticularis caused by?
Idiopathic (most common) Polyarteritis nodosa SLE Cryoglobulinemia Antiphospholipid syndrome Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Homocystinuria
89
How does IgA Vasculitis ( Henoch-Schonlein Purpura) present?
Small cell vasculitis Purpura on lower limbs Abdominal pain Arthritis Often triggered by a viral URTI
90
What investigations will you do for IgA Vasculitis?
Urine dipstick ( nephritic or nephrotic syndrome) BP ESR/CRP Immunoglobulin ( Raised IgA) Skin/Renal biopsy
91
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Contact Dermatitis?
Type IV - mediated by T lymphocytes
92
What are red flags for Eczema Herpeticum?
Red itchy, painful blisters over previous areas of eczema Urgent hospital admission is recquired
93
What tests are indicated for contact dermatitis?
Patch test of substance for 48 hours
94
What are some triggers for Psoriasis?
sunburn trauma HIV stress streptococcal infection medications ( B-Blockers, ACEi, Lithium, NSAIDs)
95
What is the treatment for Scabies?
Topical permethrin 5% + treat household members
96
What is the most important prognostic factor for Malignant Melanoma?
Depth
97
What is the A to E of irregular skin lesions?
A = asymmetry (one half of the spot is unlike the other half) B = border (the spot has an irregular or poorly defined border) C = colour (the spot has 2 or more colours that vary from one area to the next) D = diameter (the diameter of the spot is equal to or more than 7mm) E = evolution (the spot is changing over time).
98
What is the pathophysiology of a venous ulcer?
Oedema in the subcutaneous tissue with poor lymphatic and capillary drainage, leading to inadequate nutrients and oxygen reaching the skin. This causes skin to die and ulcers to arise
99
What is the treatment of shingles?
Oral antiviral ( V alaciclovir)
100
What is the treatment for Basal Cell Carcinoma?
Mohs micrographic surgery Removal under a microscope for cosmetic purposes
101
What is the organism responsible for Scabies?
Sarcoptes Scabiei
102
What type of biopsy should be done for a suspected malignant melanoma?
Excisional - whole lesion should be removed , 1cm margin for every 1mm of depth
103
What is the first line treatment for Psoriasis?
Potent topical steroid e.g 0.1% Betamethasone Vitamin D Cream
104
What is Bowen's Disease?
A pre-cancerous skin disease for SCC
105
What is the cause of Atopic Dermatitis?
A defect in the skin barrier
106
Which rash is associated with HSV?
Erythema Multiforme
107
What is the treatment for Cradle Cap / infant Seborrheic Dermatitis?
Topical emollient
108
What is the treatment for adult Seborrheic Dermatitis?
2% Ketoconazole Shampoo

Primary Care Block Year 3 (5 decks)

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