Dermatology Flashcards
(46 cards)
What is eczema typically presented with?
erythema
pruritus (itchiness)
Xerosis (dry skin)
site of skin involvement
what are the risk factors that can cause eczema?
flagging gene mutation
age <5yrs
family history of eczema
allergic rhinitis
asthma
What investigation would you do for ppl with eczema?
*Clinical findings
Bloods - IgE levels
skin-prick testing
oral food challenge
trial elimination diet
patching testing
Skin biopsy
what sort of medication would you give for eczema patient?
emollients
topical steroids
topical antibiotics therapy
how would you know how severe is an eczema?
use a EASI score
-check the severity of Eczema
what’s the first line treatment for topical steroid uses?
Mild:
Hydrocortisone 1%
Moderate:
Betnovate RD
Eumovate
Potent:
Betnovate
Betacap
Very potent:
Dermovate
what is eczema herpeticum
viral skin infect cause by HSV / varicella zoster virus
presentation of eczema herpeticum
widespread, painful, vesicular rash
fever
lethargy
irritability
reduce oral intake
lymphadenopathy (swollen lymph nodes)
treatment for eczema herpeticum
immediate hospitalisation
aciclovir
What is psoriasis?
Chronic autoimmune condition that causes recurrent symptoms of psoriatic skins lesions
what would a psoriasis patient presented with?
Symmetrically distributed of dry, flaky, scaly, faintly erythematou skin lesion that appear in raised and rough plaques, scale is typically silvery white, except in skin folds where the plaques often appear shiny with a moist peeling surface.
* commonly over the extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees and on the scalp
–> Auspitz sign - small points of bleeding when plaques are scraped off
–> Koebner phenomenon - development of psoriatic lesions to areas of skin affected by trauma
–> Residual pigmentation of the skin after the lesions resolve
what is Guttate psoriasis
small raised papules across the trunk and limbs.
They’re mildly erythematous
triggered by a streptococcal throat infection
what would a plaque psoriasis presented with?
thickened erythematous plaques with silver scales
seen on the extensor surfaces and scalp
which types of the psoriasis that are rare and requires admission to hospital?
Pustular psoriasis
Erythrodermic psoriasis
What tool can be used to assess psoriasis?
PASI score
what are the management for psoriasis?
- Topical steroids
- Topical vitamin D analogues (calcipotriol)
- Topical dithranol
- Topical calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) are usually only used in adults
- Phototherapy with narrow band ultraviolet B light is particularly useful in extensive guttate psoriasis
List 2 product that are commonly prescribe by specialist for psoriasis
Dovobet
Enstilar
what is the pathophysiology of acne?
the sebaceous glands increase production of sebum(natural skin oils and waxy substance) which traps the keratin (dead skin cells) and block the pilosebaceous unit (pockets within the skin)
this causes swelling and inflammation
which hormones is responsible for the production for sebum?
Androgenic hormones
define the following terminology:
- Macules
- Papules
- Comedomes
- Ice pick scars
- hypertrophic scars
- Rolling scars
- Macules are flat marks on the skin
- Papules are small lumps on the skin
- Pustules are small lumps containing yellow pus
- Comedomes are skin coloured papules representing blocked pilosebaceous units
- Ice pick scars are small indentations in the skin that remain after acne lesions heal
- Hypertrophic scars are small lumps in the skin that remain after acne lesions heal
- Rolling scars are irregular wave-like irregularities of the skin that remain after acne lesions heal
What are the treatments for acne
- Topical benzoyl peroxide reduces inflammation, helps unblock the skin and is toxic to the P. acnes bacteria
- Topical retinoids (chemicals related to vitamin A) slow the production of sebum
- Topical antibiotics such as clindamycin (prescribed with benzoyl peroxide to reduce bacterial resistance)
- Oral antibiotics such as lymecycline
- Oral contraceptive pill can help female patients stabilise their hormones and slow the production of sebum
What medication would be best for severe acne?
Oral retinoids
–> Isotretinoin
what are the side effect of using isotretinoin?
- Dry skin and lips
- Photosensitivity of the skin to sunlight
- Depression, anxiety, aggression and suicidal ideation
- (Rarely) Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis)
what is exanthem?
widespread rash that is usually accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, malaise and headache.
usually caused by an infectious condition such as a virus
