Dermatology Flashcards
(37 cards)
List 6 common skin conditions
-eczema
-acne vulgaris
-psoriasis
-urticaria
-infections
-skin cancer
What are the 3 different types of skin cancer?
-Melanoma
-Squamous cell carcinoma
-Basal cell carcinoma
How is atopic eczema/dermatitis diagnosed?
It’s a clinical diagnosis
No investigations needed
Whats the typical patient history for someone with suspected atopic eczema/dermatitis?
-Begins in childhood (can occur later)
-Atopy
-Family history of atopy
What are some clinical features of atopic eczema/dermatitis?
-Pruritus (itchy)
-Typically occurs in skin creases - flexural
-Can occur in response to specific triggers
What’s the treatment for atopic eczema/dermatitis?
-Education and support
-Avoidance of triggers
-Topical:
-emollients
-steroids and/or calcineurin inhibitors
-soap substitutes
-phototherapy
-Systemic therapy
How is Acne Vulgaris diagnosed?
It’s a clinical diagnosis
What’s the typical history for a patient presenting with suspected Acne Vulgaris?
-Adolescents and young adults
-Chronic issue with skin, spots due to blocked hair follicles in skin
Acne vulgaris has a multifactorial cause, list some features.
-Increased sebum production (androgen influence)
-Excessive deposition of keratin in pores
-Overgrowth of Cutibacterium acnes (skin commensal)
-Pro-inflammatory chemicals released in skin
What are the treatment options for Acne Vulgaris?
-Topical
-non-antibiotic
-antibiotic
-Systemic
-Antibiotics
-Oral contraceptive pill
-Isotretinoin (!!! Teratogenic)
How is psoriasis diagnosed?
It’s a clinical diagnosis, using patient symptoms and history.
What’s the typical history of a patient presenting with psoriasis?
-Chronic skin condition
-Often between ages 20-30yrs and 50-60yrs
-Strong genetic predisposition (family history)
-Relapsing and remitting course
-Triggers e.g. ACEi, b-blockers
What’s the cause of psoriasis?
T cell cytokine production is stimulated, causes keratinocyte proliferation
What are the treatment options for psoriasis?
-Topical
-Phototherapy
-Systemic
-Oral and injectable
How is urticaria diagnosed?
Clinical diagnosis, no special tests
Whats the typical history of patient presenting with suspected urticaria?
-Can be acute OR chronic
-Normally a trigger involved such as foods, allergens, medication, viral infections
What’s the pathophysiology of urticaria?
Mast cell degranulation and histamine release -> increased capillary permeability and leakage of fluid into surrounding tissue
What are the treatment options for urticaria?
-General education
-Systemic
-H1 anti-histamine
-H2 anti-histamine
-Other: steroids, ciclosporin, montelukast, omaluzimab
Name 2 viral skin infections
-Molluscum contagiosum
-Shingles
Describe some features of Molluscum contagiosum
-Pox virus
-Common in children - spread via DIRECT contact
-Self limiting (usually)
-Small firm spots, dimple in middle
-Can be itchy
-Appear anywhere
Describe some features of Shingles
-Herpes Zoster virus
-Painful
-Tingling feeling in skin
-Dermatomal pattern
-Vesicles
Give an example of a bacterial skin infection
Impetigo
Describe some features of Impetigo
-Highly contagious
-Common in children
-Staph or Strep cause
-Seen in areas of broken skin
-Treated with topical antibiotics
Give an example of a fungal skin infection
Dermatophytosis (ringworm)
