Dermatology Flashcards
(55 cards)
What is the primary route for administering drugs for skin diseases?
Topical administration
What are the three layers of human skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)
Name a major variable that determines pharmacologic response to drugs applied to the skin.
Regional variation in drug penetration
How does the concentration gradient affect drug transfer in the skin?
Increasing concentration gradient increases mass of drug transferred per unit time
What is the significance of the dosing schedule in dermatologic therapy?
The skin acts as a reservoir for many drugs, allowing for less frequent applications
What role do vehicles play in topical medications?
Vehicles facilitate cutaneous application and enhance drug penetration
List some types of dermatologic formulations based on the vehicle.
- Tinctures
- Wet dressings
- Lotions
- Gels
- Aerosols
- Powders
- Pastes
- Creams
- Foams
- Ointments
What is the best treatment for acute inflammation with oozing?
Drying preparations such as tinctures, wet dressings, and lotions
What is the best treatment for chronic inflammation with xerosis?
Lubricating preparations such as creams and ointments
What is the primary use of topical antibacterial agents?
Preventing infections in clean wounds and managing acne vulgaris
What are antibiotic-corticosteroid combinations used for?
Treating diaper dermatitis, otitis externa, and impetiginized eczema
What type of bacteria is bacitracin effective against?
Gram-positive organisms such as streptococci and staphylococci
What is mupirocin used for?
Eliminating nasal carriage of S aureus and treating skin infections
What type of organisms is polymyxin B effective against?
Gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
Which topical antibiotic shows greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
Gentamicin
What is the mechanism of action of clindamycin in acne therapy?
In vitro activity against Propionibacterium acnes
What is the mechanism of action of erythromycin in inflammatory acne vulgaris?
Presumed inhibitory effects on P acnes
What is metronidazole used to treat?
Acne rosacea
What is the mechanism of action of sodium sulfacetamide?
Inhibition of P acnes by competitive inhibition of p-aminobenzoic acid utilization
Name some topical antifungal agents.
- Clotrimazole
- Miconazole
- Econazole
- Ketoconazole
- Oxiconazole
- Sulconazole
- Sertaconazole
- Ciclopirox olamine
- Naftifine
- Terbinafine
- Butenafine
- Tolnaftate
What is the action of ciclopirox olamine?
Inhibitory activity against dermatophytes and candida species
What enzyme do allylamines like naftifine and terbinafine inhibit?
Squalene epoxidase
What are nystatin and amphotericin B used for?
Topical therapy of C albicans infections
What is the mechanism of action of imiquimod?
Stimulates peripheral mononuclear cells to release interferon-Ɣ and interleukins
