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Y3(GP) - Overview > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

Disease of the pilosebaceous unit often due to excessive androgenic response leading to excess sebum production building up and blocking these follicles with keratin plugs

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2
Q

How does acne vulgaris present/appear? (Describe)

A

Often face, neck and upper trunk
Open or closed Comedones, pustules or Papule
Scarring

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3
Q

What bacterium can colonise the pilosebaceous ducts with acne vulgaris?

A

Cutibacterium acnes

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4
Q

What condition may you consider if a patients has irregular periods, hirsutism and acne vulgaris?

A

PCOS

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5
Q

What is the management for mainly Comedonal acne?

A

topical retinoids like Adapalene or Adapalene + Benzoyl peroxide

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6
Q

What is the management for mild to moderate acne (papule/pustular)?

When should the patient be reviewed?

A

Topical retinoid (ADAPALENE) + Benzoyl peroxide

Review in 12 weeks and try another treatment option

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7
Q

What is the management for a mild to moderate acnecne vulgaris if the patientst hasn’t repsonded to the first 2 rounds of treatment following 2 review periods?

A

Treat with the management for moderate to severee acne

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8
Q

What is the management for moderate to severe acne vulgaris?

A

Topical retinoid (ADAPALENE) + Benzoyl peroxide + ORAL ANTIBIOTIC (Lymecycline or doxycycline)

Topical Adapalene + Topical Benxoyl peroxide + Oral lymecycline

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9
Q

When are patients reviewed following treatment for moderate to severe acne?

What happens if theres been no improvement at this stage?

A

12 weeks

No improvement = refer to dermatology and try another treatment option while waiting

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10
Q

What management shouldd take place if a patients moderate to severe acne r has completely cleared after 12 weeks?

What if it’s partially improved?

A

cleared = STOP oral abx, continue adapalene + Benzoyl peroxide

partial improvement = continue treatment for another 12 wks (topical Adapalene + Benzoyl peroxide + oral lymecycline)

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11
Q

When i s acne consider moderate to severe?

A

> 35 inflammatory lesions
3 or more nodules

ANY TIME THE CHEST OR BACK IS AFFECTED

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12
Q

What is atopic Eczema/dermatitis?

A

Dermatitis is that usually has a genetic factor and environmental factor to it

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13
Q

What are the atopic conditionsns?

A

Hayfever (allergic rhinitis)
Asthma
Eczema

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14
Q

what are some triggers to eczema?

A

Soap/detergents
Rough clothing
overheating
Stress
skin infections toons
Animal dander
foods
House dust mites

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15
Q

What parts of the body doess eczema commonly affect?

A

flexural surfaces
Face in infants

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16
Q

What is the morphology of eczema?

A

Ill defined areas of erythemama
dry skin (flexures)
Vesicles, weepy and crusty patches in flare ups
Excoriations
Lichenification

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17
Q

What is the management for eczema without signs of infection?

A

Regular emolient + corticosteroid (hydrocortisone cream, Betamethasone/betnovate or clobetasone/eumovate)

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18
Q

How long should the topical corticosteroids given for eczema but applied daily for?

A

2 weeks typically

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19
Q

What alternate medications can be given instead of corticosteroids if the area of eczema is of thin skin like the face or near the eyes?

A

Calcineurin inhibitors

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20
Q

What is an example of a topical calcineurin inhibitor for eczema?

A

Protopic (tacrolimus and ointment)

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21
Q

What are some commonly prescribed emollients?

A

E45 cream
Zerobase cream
Hydromol
Zeroderm

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

What is the pathophysiology of psoriasis?

A

Overactive keratinocyte proliferation

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24
Q

How does psoriasis present?

A

Red scaly patches on the skin often on the extensor surfaces

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25
What are some other signs of psoriasis other than skin changes?
Nail signs - pitting, onycholysis Arthritis
26
What are some exacerbating factors for psoriasis?
Trauma Alcohol Drugs - B blockers, NSAIDs, ACEi Withdrawal of system steroids Strep infectiont may trigger guttate psoriasis
27
What is the management of chronic plaque psoriasis?
Regular emollients (E45 cream, Zerobase cream) + Potent topical corticosteroid OD (4 weeks) + Vitamin D analogue (calcipotriol)
28
What potent topical corticosteroid is often prescribed for plaque psoriasis?
Betamethasone valerate / betnovate
29
How long should the emolient be applied before applying the topical corticosteroid for plaque psoriasis?
20mins
30
How does urticaria present? (Include morphology)
Pale pink raised skin (Hives or wheals) Itchy
31
What is the management of urticaria?
Non-sedating antihistamines like loratadine or cetirizine
32
What is ring worm?
Type of fungal infection caused by a dermatophyte
33
What is ring worm called if it affects the face?
Tinea corporis
34
How does tinea corporis appear?
Erythematous annular lesion with a well demarcated border Pustules can be present within the patches
35
How is a mild case of tinea corporis managed?
Topical antifungal like miconazole (Daktarin)
36
What is the management of tinea corporis that is widespread or hasn’t responded to topical antifungals?
Oral fluconazole
37
What are the 2 types of pityriasis?
Pityriasis rosea Pityriasis versicolor
38
What is pityriasis versicolor?
Superficial fungal infection
39
What are the features of pityriasis versicolor?
Affects trunk Hypopigmented, pink or brown patches Mild pruritus
40
What is the management of pityriasis versicolor?
Ketoconazole / Nizoral shampoo
41
What is pityriasis rosea?
Acute self limiting rash
42
How does Pityriasis rosea present?
Usually 1 initial Erythematous, oval, scaly patch called the herald patch Then eruption of usually smaller similar lesions. Appear
43
How is pityriasis rosea managed?
Reassurance that normally resolves in 6 weeks Emollients for the dry itchy areas Antihistamines (loratidine) if itching is bothering them
44
What is impetigo? What is it caused by?
Superficial bacterial skin infection commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus (MAIN CAUSE) or Streptococcus pyogenes
45
How does impetigo present?
Golden crusted skin lesion
46
What is the management of impetigo which is limited/localised?
Hydrogen peroxide cream
47
What is the management of impetigo if topical hydrogen peroxide fails to resolve it?
Topical fusidic acid (abx)
48
What is the management for a widespread impetigo?o
Oral flucloxacillin
49
What are the 3 main types of skin cancer?
Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Melanoma
50
Where are basal cell carcinomas typically located on the body?
Sun exposed sites like the head and neck
51
How severe are basal cell carcinomas?
Slow growing with local invasion
52
What are the risk factors for developing basal cell carcinoma?
UV exposure Age Fair skinned individuals Men Smoking Immunosupression
53
What is the characteristic appearance of a basal cell carcinoma?
Shiny pearly lesion/papule with central ulceration, and raised rolled edges/elevated border
54
What is the management pathway if a patient has a basal cell carcinoma?
Routine dermatology referral Surgical removal most commonly
55
What genetic mutation puts patients at risk of squamous cell carcinoma?
Xeroderma pigmentosum
56
How does a squamous cell carcinoma present?
Scaly, ulcerated non healing lesion often painful and bleeding/discharge Keratinised
57
How is squamous cell carcinoma managed?
2 week dermatology referral Surgical excision with wide local excision margins for low risk lesion Wider margins for high risk
58
What is the pre-cancerous lesion/stage to squamous cell carcinoma?
Actinic keratosis / Bowens disease
59
What is the way you assess a mole for melanoma risk?
ABCDE
60
What does the ABCDE method of screening a mole for a melanoma stand for?
Asymmetry Borders Colours Diameter (>6mm) Evolving?

Y3(GP) - Overview (4 decks)

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