Dermatology Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
A cavity filled with pus
A
Abscess
2
Q
A substance, usually protein, that causes an immune system response in reaction to it’s presence
A
Allergen
3
Q
Hair loss
A
alopecia
4
Q
A disease condition in which the body makes antibodies against its own cells, resulting in their destruction
A
Autoimmune
5
Q
Referring to the hormonal system of the body
A
Endocrine
6
Q
An abnormal draining tract originating from within the dermis or hypodermis
A
Fistula
7
Q
A microbial condition within tissue
A
infection
8
Q
A parasitic condition on the skin surface
A
Infestation
9
Q
A complex tissue reaction caused by traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, or autoimmune dz that is characterized by redness, heat, pain, and loss of function
A
Inflammation
10
Q
A small, raised, inflamed lesion within the epidermis
A
Papule
11
Q
Itchiness
A
Pruritis
12
Q
A small, raised pus-filled lesion within the epidermis; a pimple
A
Pustule
13
Q
A broad spectrum antimicrobial that is non-irritating
Kills yeast at high concentration (>2%)
A
Chlorhexadine
14
Q
Antimicrobial that removes exudates
A
Iodine
15
Q
An antimicrobial and antipruritic that flushes out follicles
Great for Demodex mites
Antiseborric and Keratolytic
A
Benzoyl peroxide
16
Q
A soothing agent and antipruritic
A
Oatmeal
17
Q
Keratolytic and Keratoplastic (evens skin thickness)
A
Salicylic Acid
18
Q
Same as salicylic acid and used as an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiparasitic (at high concentrations)
A
Sulfur
19
Q
Sulfur is usually combined with
A
salicylic acid
20
Q
An antipruritic and keratoplastic that is the preferred ingredient for degreasing
A
Tar
21
Q
A local anesthetic and antipruritic used in itch relief and Neosporin (+)
A
Pramoxine
22
Q
Used in sprays, ear meds, and shampoos as an antipruritic and anti-inflammatory
A
Corticosteroids
23
Q
Used as a dip, yeast fungus, bacteria, and parasites
A
Lime Sulfur
24
Q
Potent and irritating, used as a dip for demodex
Flammable and can cause sedation
A
Amitraz
25
"Pus in skin"; aka a skin infection
Pyoderma
26
Bacteria that can cause pyoderma
Staphylococcus
27
4 Causes of pyoderma
1. Allergies
2. Endocrine dz
3. Ectoparasites
4. Anatomy (wrinkly faces)
28
Pruritis, self trauma, and pustules are symptoms of
pyoderma
29
2 classifications of pyoderma
1. Superficial
| 2. Deep
30
Skin scrapes, impression smears, Cultures, biopsies, and bloodwork can be used to diagnose
Pyoderma
31
Best way to treat pyoderma is by treating
underlying causes
32
AKA a skin allergy, caused by excess IgE
Atopy
33
Small scabs on the face of cats, common with atopy
Miliary dermatitis
34
Two locations on dogs where atopy caused pyoderma occurs
1. Feet
| 2. ears
35
Is atopy ever cured?
No, it is a lifelong problem
36
How do you treat atopy?
Immunotherapy and symptomatic therapy
37
Hypersensitivity to flea bites
Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)
38
The common flea
Ctenocephalides felis
| The cat flea
39
Usually an animal isn't allergic to the flea bite, but rather the
saliva
40
Area of the animal where fleas tend to concentrate
tail head
41
Turns red when wet
flea dirt
42
To diagnose FAD, you can use this tool
flea comb
43
When treating an animal for fleas, you should treat which stages?
ALL
44
The minimum amount of time to treat fleas
3 months
45
What activates flea pupae?
CO2, heat, and vibrations
46
Hypersensitivity to food allergens
Food Allergies (Allergic Reaction to food) ARF
47
Food allergies typically have the same c/s as
skin allergies
48
Food allergies can also cause this type of c/s
GI signs
49
When food allergies are on the skin, its usually on
feet and ears
50
Best diagnostic way to treat food allergies
Food trials
51
Food trials should last for at least
6-8 weeks
52
Best diet to use for a food trial
Novel food diet
53
AKA ringworm
Dermatophytes
54
The species of fungus that causes dermatophytes
Microsporum canis
55
Asymptomatic carriers of ringworm
Cats
56
A common c/s of ringworm or dermatophytes
patchy hair loss
57
Gold standard test for dermatophytes
DTM (dermatophyte test medium)
58
When performing a DTM you should be looking for a _______ change and fluffy, ________ colonies
color
| white
59
Not a good diagnostic tool for dermatophytes, but they wil glow apple green when used
Wood's lamp (blacklight)
60
Endocrine diseases that cause bilaterally symmetrical truncal alopecia and rat-like tails
Hypothyroidism and Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushings)
61
An endocrine dz that's not fully understood but spaying and neutering seems to help
Sex hormone imbalances
62
An endocrine dz that is common in bulldogs and boxers that usually occurs in the Fall
Seasonal Alopecia
63
Mite infestation is AKA
Mange
64
Caused by an ectoparasite that is zoonotic and contagious
Scabies
65
Ectoparasite that causes scabies
Sarcoptes scaibei
66
Scabies causes severe _________ and pyoderma
pruritis
67
Best diagnostic for scabies
skin scrape
68
Best treatment for scabies
Ivermectin
69
A normal inhabitant of skin that is not contagious
Demodex
70
Demodex is AKA
demodicosis
71
Cause of demodex
D. canis
72
Localized demodex usually affects
face and trunk
73
Generalized demodex usually affects
All over alopecia
74
Demodex mites look different from scabies because they are
long and skinny
75
Best diagnosis for demodex
skin scrape
76
best shampoo to use for Demodex
Benzoyl peroxide
77
best drug for demodex
Ivermectin
78
AKA fur mite, "Walking dandruff"
| Zoonotic and live free in the environment
Chyletiella
79
Mite that causes walking dandruff
Chyletiella blakei
80
2 symptoms of Chyletiella
1. Dandruff
| 2. +/- pruritis
81
Best diagnostic test for Chyletiellosis
Tape prep
82
Best treatment for Chyletiella
Ivermectin
83
An egg is deposited by a fly and the egg hatches under the skin
Cuterebra
84
Cuterebra is AKA
warbles
85
A symptom of ceterebra is
A breathing hole where you can see the larva under the skin (fistula)
86
To treat cuterebra, you should
remove the larva and treat the wound
87
Can be used to flush larva out of the hole
Hydrogen Peroxide
88
Best way to prevent cuterebra is good ________ and fly control
hygiene
89
Fly lays eggs in wound and hatch into larvae
| Usually found on dead things
Maggots
90
A maggot infestation is AKA
Myiasis
91
When maggots are moving and eating you can
hear the noises
92
Maggots can be seen with
the naked eye
93
Best way to treat an animal with a maggot infestation is to
manually remove maggots as they hatch and treat the underlying causes
94
Often host specific and affect sick, young, geriatric, or weakend animals
Can be sucking or chewing
Lice
95
A lice infestation is AKA
Pediculousis
96
When examining an animal with lice, you can see ___ on their fur, but you need a microscope to positively identify
nits
97
Best test for lice
tape test
98
2 best treatment for lice
1. Ivermectin
| 2. Frontline
99
This is very rare and hard to treat in veterinary medicine
| Incurable, but manageable and poorly understood
Autoimmune skin dzs
100
Best way to diagnose an autoimmune skin dz is by performing a
skin biopsy
101
2 ways to treat autoimmune skin dz
1. Cyclosporine
| 2. steroids
102
These can be found anywhere on the skin
Can be benign or malignant
Visible skin mass or ulceration
Dermal neoplasia
103
Best diagnostic test for dermal neoplasias
FNA, biopsy, cytology
104
4 treatments for dermal neoplasias
1. Surgical removal
2. chemotherapy
3. radiation
4. cryotherapy
105
4 types of benign dermal neoplasias
1. Histiocytoma
2. Lipoma
3. Papilloma
4. Sebaceous cyst
106
A benign dermal neoplasia that is usually seen in young dogs that is usually resolved without treatment
Histiocytoma
107
A benign dermal neoplasia that is a fatty mass, usually seen in older, overweight dogs
Round, soft movable mass that can grow to the size of a grapefruit
Lipoma
108
A benign dermal neoplasia that is AKA warts
Cauliflower like mass caused by the papilloma virus
Treated with azithromycin
Papilloma
109
A benign dermal neoplasia that has caseous exudate within the cyst
Sebaceous cyst
110
Basal cell tumors, melanoma, mast cell tumors, squamous cell carcinomas, and fibrosarcomas are all considered
Malignant tumors
111
A malignant tumor that is most common in cats often on their heads
Basal cell tumors
112
A malignant tumor that is the most common oral tumor in dogs
Occurs on highly pigmented tissues
There is a vaccine for this
Melanoma
113
A malignant tumor that is AKA "The Great Pretender" because it can look like anything
Contain histamine granules
Mast cell tumors
114
A malignant tumor that exfoliates in sheets
Most common oral malignancy in cats, 2nd in dogs
Common in white cats that sunbathe
Squamous Cell carcinomas
115
This malignant growth is associated with vaccines that causes inflammation in cats
Poor prognosis
Fibrosarcoma
116
Inflammation of the ear canal
| Can be acute or chronic
Otitis
117
Primary pathogens of otitis
parasites
118
Most common otitis classification
external
119
Most common underlying factor of otitis
allergies
120
Best diagnostic for otitis
Otic exam
121
Most important part of treating otitis is
ear cleaning
122
This is used in animal's ears when there is a tympanic membrane rupture
saline
123
Ointment and drops that are used for otitis usually are a ________, __________, and ___________ combo and they can be ____________ if they get into the middle or inner ear
steroid, antifungal, and antibiotic
| ototoxic
124
Best way to treat otitis is to control
allergies
125
Used in severe cases of otitis
surgery
126
Lateral ear canal resection, vertical ear canal ablation, Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy, ventral bulla osteotomy, and myringotomy are all
ear surgeries
