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Pharmacology > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

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1
Q

2 palm areas (2%) at 2 times a day requires ______ gm for 1 month

A

30

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2
Q

Two FTUs for corticosteroid are about the same as ___of topical steroid

A

2 FTU = 1g topical steroid

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3
Q

How many FTUs will cover a hand and fingers?

A

1 FTU

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4
Q

How many FTUs will cover face and neck?

A

2.5 FTUs

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5
Q

Class 1 steroid

A
  • super high potency
  • severe dermatoses
  • scalp, palms, soles, thick plaques on extensor surfaces
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6
Q

Classes II-IV steroid

A
  • medium to high potency

- can use on flexural surfaces for limited periods

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7
Q

Classes VI, VII

A
  • Low potency
  • large areas
  • thinner skin (ex. face, eyelid, genitals)
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8
Q

Duration for super high potency

A

<3 weeks

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9
Q

Duration for medium to high potency

A

<6-8 weeks

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10
Q

Duration for low potency

A

Face and genitals: 1-2 weeks to avoid skin atrophy, telangiectasia, and acne

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11
Q

Examples of Class I super high potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% ointment

2. Clobetasol 0.05% cream or ointment

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12
Q

Examples of Class II high potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% cream

2. Fluocinonide 0.05% cream, gel, ointment, or solution

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13
Q

Examples of Class III medium potency

A
  1. Betamethasone 0.05% cream or lotion
  2. Betamethasone valerate 0.1% ointment
  3. Triamcinolone 0.1% ointment
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14
Q

Examples of Class IV

A
  1. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% ointment

2. Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream or ointment

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15
Q

Examples of Class V

A
  1. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% cream
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16
Q

Example of Class VI

A

Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% cream

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17
Q

Example of Class VII

A

Hydrocortisone 1% (or 2.5%) cream, lotion, or ointment

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18
Q

Systemic effects of topical glucocorticoid

A
  • Cushing’s
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • Growth retardation
  • Sodium retention and edema
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19
Q

Ocular effects of glucocorticoid

A
  • cataract
  • glaucoma
  • retarded healing or corneal abrasion
  • extension of herpetic infection
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20
Q

Bacitracin active against

A

gram-positive (strept, staph, pneumococci)

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21
Q

Of bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B - which is most likely to give contact dermatitis?

A

neomycin

up to 30%

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22
Q

Mupirocin active against

A

gram-positive (MRSA)

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23
Q

Mupirocin ADE

A

stinging, burning, pruritis, headache

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24
Q

Polymyxin B active against

A

gram-negative

all gram positives are resistant

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25
Neomycin active against
- aerobic gram-positive | - Gram-negative
26
4 factors of acne vulgaris
1. Androgens influence increase in sebum production 2. Hyperkeratosis (keratin and sebum plug hair follicle) 3. P. acnes bacteria 4. Inflammation
27
Comedone: tx
topical tretinoin
28
Mild inflammatory acne: tx
Topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide (and or topical clindamycin)
29
Moderate acne: tx
Topical tretinoin or benzoyl peroxide (+/- clindamycin) -consider oral antibiotic and derm referral
30
Severe acne: tx
topicals AND oral antibiotic (doxycycline or minocycline) (consider oral isotretinoin, derm referral and hormonal therapy for females
31
Cystic acne: tx
intralesional triamcinolone
32
Rosacea: Tx
1. Sunscreen 2. Topicals: - Clindamycin 1% cream - metronidazole - sodium sulfacetamide 3. Doxycycline, minocycline 4. Isotretinoin (Accutane) - stage III rosacea
33
Metronidazole: don't use when?
pregnancy and nursing
34
What do patients taking sodium sulfacetamide need to be warned of?
photosensitivity
35
Retinoic acid (vitamin A)
Ex. tretinoin (retin A), adapalene (Differin), tazarotene (Tazorac)
36
Retinoic acids: ADE
photosensitivity
37
Which topical retinoid is category X in pregnancy
Tazarotene
38
Which medication can cause slate gray hyperpigmentation of skin?
Minocycline | also dizziness
39
Isotretinoin and pregnancy
- MUST be on 2 forms of contraception | - MUST have negative serum pregnancy test within 2 weeks before therapy
40
What labs are important to get for isoretinoin (besides pregnancy)?
LFTs, fasting lipid profile -Hypertriglyceridemia
41
What does nystatin cover?
Candida only!
42
Seborrheic dermatitis: Tx
ketoconazole
43
Tacrolimus (Protopic) and Pimecrolimus (Elidel) use
atopic dermatitis vitiligo alopecia areata
44
Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus (calcineurin inhibitors) box warning
rare cases of malignancy | contraindication for kids under2
45
Most common ADE for Sklice (ivermectin topical)
conjunctivitis, ocular hyperemia, eye irritation
46
Lindane: ADE
- concentrated in fatty tissues including the brain | - Can lead to seizures***
47
What is the treatment for scabies or lice for pregnant women or infants (<6 months)
Sulfur precipitated in petrolatum
48
Monobenzone: effect
irreversible depigmentation** (may cause hypopigmentation at sites distant to area of application
49
Drugs that reduce hyperpigmentation of the skin
- Hydroquinone - Mequinol - MBEH
50
Drugs for repigmentation in vitiligo are activated by what
UVA light
51
Drugs for repigmentation of depigmented macules of vitiligo
- Psoralens - Trioxsalen - Methoxypsoralen
52
Since SPF really only measures UVB protection, what 3 chemicals might you look for?
1. Parsol 1789 2. Avobenzone 3. Mexoryl (Antheliose)
53
Major use of podophyllum resin
codyloma acuminatum (warts)
54
Podophyllum: contraindication
pregnancy
55
What is the best medication to use for actinic keratoses?
Fluorouracil | Healing lasts for 1-2 months after treatment
56
Imiquimod: uses
- warts (condylomate) - actinic keratoses - basal cell - squamous cell carcinoma - lentigo maligna melanoma
57
Bimatoprost (latisse) is a prostaglandin analogue that causes what adverse effect?
permanent brown pigmentation of the iris
58
Finasteride (Propecia): MOA
blocks production of dihydrotestosterone - oral - not for use in women of child bearing age
59
Eflornithine: effect
-affects the rate of hair growth | but, will come back 8 weeks after stopping
60
Dovonex (calcipotriene)
Vitamin D3 analog
61
Acitretin (Soriatane)
- Psoriasis - systemic drug (inhibits IL-6) - Pregnant women can't use this, can get pregnant for 3 years after stopping treatment!** - MUST avoid ethanol - Can't donate blood during treatment and for 3 years after medication is stopped
62
Methotrexate
``` -Folate antagonist contraindications: -Pregnancy -Nursing -Males not advised to father children for at least 3 months after stopping ```

Pharmacology (16 decks)

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