Dermatology

Question 1

Acne Vulgaris

Answer 1

follicular orifice is blocked by abnormal/excessive keratin, forming a comedone or blackhead.

Question 2

Alopecia Areata

Answer 2

same frequency for males and females. Less frequent after age 40. Poor prognosisw/ recurrent/extensive episodes of HAIR LOSS

Question 3

Apthous Stomatitis (Canker Sores)

Answer 3

small, discrete, painful mouth ulcers. Unkown cause- suspected viral infection, food/drug allergies/psychogenic

Question 4

Macule

Answer 4

flat discolored spot of varied size (<10mm) and shape

Question 5

Patch

Answer 5

similar to macule, but >10mm

Question 6

Macule/patch examples

Answer 6

freckles, flat moles, tattoos, port wine marks, rashes from: ricksettsial infections, rubella, rubeola

Question 7

Papule

Answer 7

a solid elevated lesion usually <10mm diameter

Question 8

Plaque

Answer 8

a group of confluent papules

Question 9

Papule/plaque exampes

Answer 9

(many cutaneous diseases begin with papules) warts, psoriasis, syphilis, lichen planus, drug eruptions, pigmented moles, seborrheic and actinic keratoses, acne, epitheliomas

Question 10

Nodule

Answer 10

palpable solid lesion >5 or 10mm diameter, may or may not be elevated

Question 11

Nodule examples

Answer 11

keratinous cysts, small lipomas, fibromas

Question 12

Tumor

Answer 12

larger nodules (20mm or greater), benign or malignant

Question 13

Vesicle

Answer 13

circumscribed elevated lesion <5mm diameter that contains serous fluid

Question 14

Bulla (blister)

Answer 14

vesicle >5mm diameter

Question 15

Pustule

Answer 15

superficial, elevated lesion containing pus

Question 16

Wheal

Answer 16

transient elevated lesion caused by local edema; common allergic reaction (bug bites, drug eruptions)

Question 17

Telangiectasia

Answer 17

Dilation of superficial blood vessels

Question 18

Telangiectasia examples

Answer 18

rosacea, scleroderma and other systemic diseases; may result from long-term therapy with topical flourinated corticosteroids, most etiology unknown

Question 19

Secondary Lesions

Answer 19

result either from the natural evolution of primary lesions (vesicle bursts and leaves eroded area) or from pt’s manipulation of primary lesion (scratching)

Question 20

Scales

Answer 20

heaped-up particles of horny epithelium (may be primary or secondary change)

Question 21

Scales examples

Answer 21

MC: psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, superficial fungus infections, tinea versicolor, pityriasis rosea, chronic dermatitis

Question 22

Crust (scab)

Answer 22

dried serum, blood, or pus

Question 23

Erosion

Answer 23

loss of part or all of the epidermis

Question 24

Erosion examples

Answer 24

common in herpes infections and pemphigus

Question 25

Ulcer

Answer 25

loss of epidermis and at least part of dermis

Question 26

Ulcer examples

Answer 26

physical trauma, acute bacterial infections, chronic bacterial and fungal infections, self-inflicted, systemic scleroderma, neoplastic tumors

Question 27

Excoriation

Answer 27

linear or hollowed out crusted area caused by scratching, rubbing, picking

Question 28

Lichenification

Answer 28

thickening of skin with accentuation of skin markings

Question 29

Lichenification examples

Answer 29

atopic dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus (localized scratch dermatitis)

Question 30

Atrophy

Answer 30

thinning and wrinkling of the skin resembling cigarette paper

Question 31

Atrophy examples

Answer 31

discoid LE, long-term use of topical flourinated corticosteroids

Question 32

Scar

Answer 32

result of healing after destruction of some of the dermis (can also be caused by discoid LE)

Question 33

Acne locations

Answer 33

face, neck, chest, upper back. Tropical can involve entire trunk

Question 34

Atopic dermatitis locations

Answer 34

antecubital and popliteal spaces, face, neck, hands

Question 35

Erythema multiforme locations

Answer 35

hands, feet, mucous membranes

Question 36

Erythema nodosum locations

Answer 36

lower legs, principally pretibial surfaces

Question 37

Lichen Planus locations

Answer 37

oral mucosa, flexor surface of wrists, trunk, genitalia. May have generalized lesions

Question 38

Chronic Discoid LE locations

Answer 38

face, scalp, ears, neck

Question 39

Photosensitivity reaction locations

Answer 39

areas exposed to natural/artificial light

Question 40

Pityriasis Rosea locations

Answer 40

trunk and upper extremities

Question 41

Psoriasis locations

Answer 41

elbows, knees, scalp, back, nails, anogenital region