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Year 2 revision > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macule?

A

An inpalpable circumscribed area of altered colour but normal texture.

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2
Q

What is a patch?

A

Same as a macule but larger than 0.5cm diameter.

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3
Q

What is a papule?

A

Small paplpable circumscribed area of altered colour but normal texture.

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4
Q

What is a plaque?

A

An area of palpable alteration greater than 0.5cm diameter.

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5
Q

What is a nodule?

A

A large circumscribed swelling within the surface of the skin.

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6
Q

What is a vesicle or bulla?

A

An accumulation of fluid within the skin.

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7
Q

What is an ulcer?

A

Loss of substance due to skin necrosis.

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8
Q

What is eczema?

A

Eczema is an inflamatory skin condition characterised by dry pruritic skin with a chronic relapsing course.

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9
Q

Eczema diagnostic factors

A
  • Presence of risk factors
  • Pruritis
  • Xerosis
  • Sites of skin involvement - flexor regions, face, hands and feet
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10
Q

Atopic eczema risk factors

A
  • age <5 years
  • family history of eczema
  • allergic rhinitis
  • asthma
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11
Q

Atopic eczema investigations

A
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Allergy testing
  • IgE levels
  • Skin biopsy
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12
Q

Treatment of chronic or relapsing excema (not refractory)

A
  • 1st line emoillients
  • symptoms not controlled by emollients alone
    • continuous use of low to mid potency topical corticosteroids
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13
Q

Treatment of refractory chronic eczema

A
  • Resistant to topical corticosteroids
    • emollients
    • continuous use of high potency topical steroids
  • Resistent to high potency topical corticosteroids
    • emollients
    • UV light therapy or topical coal tar
  • Resistant to UV light therapy and topical therapy
    • emollients
    • systemic immunosuppressive agents
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14
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterised by erythematous, circumscribed scaly papules, and plaques. It can cause itching, irritation, burning and stinging.

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15
Q

Diagnostic factors for psoriasis

A
  • Skin lesions
  • Family history
  • Skin discomfort
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16
Q

Risk factors for psoriasis

A
  • Genetic
  • Infection
  • Local trauma
  • Stress
  • Smoking
  • Light skin
  • Alcohol
17
Q

Investigations for psoriasis

A
  • Clinical diagnosis
  • Skin biopsy
18
Q

Treatment of plaque psoriasis

A
  • Mild
    • topical corticosteroid and/or mild vitamin D anologue
  • Moderate to severe
    • phototherapy
    • methotrexate (folic acid antagonist)
    • oral retinoid
    • ciclosporin
19
Q

Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis

A

Ciclosporin

20
Q

Treatment of guttate psoriasis

A
  • Phototherapy
  • Methotrexate
  • Oral retinoid
  • Ciclosporin
21
Q

Treatment of pustular psoriasis

A
  • oral retinoid - isotretinoin
  • re-PUVA - methoxsalen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) with an oral retinoid
22
Q

What is acne vulgaris?

A

A skin disease affecting the pilosebaceous unit.

Characterised by:

  • comedones
  • papules
  • pustules
  • nodules
  • cysts
  • scarring

primarily of the face and trunk

23
Q

What is the treatment of acne vulgaris?

A
  1. Topical retinoids or benzoyl peroxide
  2. Antibiotics, either systemically or topically
  3. Systemic retinoids
24
Q

How does isotretinoin work?

A
  • Isotretinoin is an oral retinoid used when acne is causing scars or has fiiled to respond to other treatments.
  • It inhibits sebum secretion by causing temporary atrophy of the sebaceous glands.
  • Following a 4 month course, generally sebum secretion does not return to pre-treatment levels for several years.
25
Q

What is melanoma?

A

A malignant tumour arising from melanocytes.

It is among the most common forms of cancer is young adults.

Early stage melanoma has an overall survival rate of nearly 100% while metastatic melanoma can be rapidly fatal.

26
Q

How does melanoma typically present?

A
  • A new of changing deeply pigmented skin lesion
  • Lesions are often on sun-exposed anatomical locations in fair skinned people
27
Q

How is melanoma diagnosed?

A

Diagnosis is by physical examination and confirmed by histopathological analysis of a biopsy.

28
Q

Treatment of non-metastatic melanoma

A

Surgical exision +/- sentinal lymph node biopsy

29
Q

Treatment of metastatic melanoma

A
  • Surgical exision of systemic melanoma metastasis
  • Systemic immunotherapy
  • Clinical trial
  • Local radiotherapy
  • Systemic chemotherapy

Year 2 revision (15 decks)

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