Dermatology Drugs

Question 1

What is the general rule of topical skin treatments + creams/lotions etc are examples of what?

Answer 1

Ointment if dry
Cream if wet
Drug vehicles (the carrier NOT the drug itself)

Question 2

What 3 things are creams made from + benefit?

Answer 2

Oil, water + preservative

Cooling

Question 3

What 2 things are ointments made from + benefit?

Answer 3

Oil/grease + soft paraffin

Restrict water loss

Question 4

What 2 things are gels made from?

Answer 4

Lotion + polymer

Question 5

What topical treatment should EVERYONE use + how much per week + risk?

Answer 5

Emollients
500 g
Fire risk due to paraffin

Question 6

Are topical steroids hydrophobic/philic and lipophilic/phobic?

Answer 6

Hydrophobic

Lipophilic

Question 7

Summary of steroid mechanism?

Answer 7

Binds GR alpha subunit in cytoplasm
HSP90 dissociates
Importins translocate steroid to nucleus
Binds to GRE in promoter region of DNA

Question 8

Name 6 skin S/Es of topical steroids.

Answer 8

Atrophy
Infection
Stretch marks
Telangiectasia
Acne rosacea
Rebound psoriasis

Question 9

Who is more affected by steroid atrophy + worst place?

Answer 9

Kids

Face

Question 10

What is a fingertip + whole body measurement for topical steroids?

Answer 10

500 mg

20-30 g

Question 11

Name a mild topical steroid.

Answer 11

Hydrocortisone 1%

Question 12

Name a moderate topical steroid (+ product name).

Answer 12

Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% (Eumovate)

Question 13

Name 2 potent topical steroids (+ product names).

Answer 13

Mometasone furoate 0.1% (Elocon)

Betamethasone valerate 0.1% (Betnovate)

Question 14

Name a very potent steroid (+ product name) and 2 endocrine effects after stopping use.

Answer 14

Clobetasol propionate 0.05% (Dermovate)

Cushing’s and Addisonian withdrawal

Question 15

Name an anti-yeast drug.

Answer 15

Nystatin

Question 16

Name 5 anti-fungal drugs.

Answer 16

Terbinafine
Amorolfine
Clotrimazole (Canestan)
Fluconazole
Itraconazole

Question 17

Name a drug used to soften keratin.

Answer 17

Salicylic acid

Question 18

Name 3 anti-pruritic drugs.

Answer 18

Menthol
Capsaicin
Camphor/Phenol

Question 19

Name 2 2nd gen. anti-histamines.

Answer 19

Loratadine

Cetirizine

Question 20

Name 2 mild acne topical treatments + what they are.

Answer 20

Benzoyl peroxide
Azelaic acid
Keratolytics + antibacterials

Question 21

What are topical retinoids + name 2.

Answer 21

Vitamin A derivatives
Tretinoin
Adapalene

Question 22

Name an oral retinoid + 3 S/Es.

Answer 22

Isotretinoin
Teratrogenic
Depression
Makes acne worse

Question 23

Name 2 calcneurin inhibitors.

Answer 23

Tacrolimus

Pimecrolimus

Question 24

Name 2 vitamin D analogues + 1 vitamin A analogue + 1 keratolytic used for psoriasis.

Answer 24

Calcipotriol
Calcitriol
Dithranol
Coal tar

Question 25

Name 3 drugs which can cause pustular drug eruptions.

Answer 25

Glucocorticoids Androgens Hypertensives

Question 26

Name 4 drugs which can cause fixed (round) drug eruptions.

Answer 26

Tetracycline antibiotics Paracetamol NSAIDs Carbamazepine (anti-epileptic)

Question 27

Is the strateum corneum lipophilic/phobic + what drugs does it absorb + what can aid drug absorption?

Answer 27

Lipophilic Hydrophobic Excipients

Question 28

Name the 3 routes of administering skin medication + what is the principle mechanism for penetrating strateum corneum?

Answer 28

Topical, intradermal and subcutaneous | Intercellular (between corneocytes)

Question 29

What is the best absorption combination for drug + vesicle since it must leave the vesicle to be abdorbed?

Answer 29

Lipophillic drug | Hydrophillic/lipophobic vehicle

Question 30

Name 3 abx used for acne.

Answer 30

Doxycycline Erythromycin Clindamycin

Question 31

Rate of absorption of a topically administered drug = ... ? Explain what the components represent.

Answer 31

``` J = Kp x Cv Kp = permeability coefficient Cv = concn of drug in vehicle ```

Question 32

Name 2 drugs used for pre-cancerous lesions + brand names.

Answer 32

5-fluorouracil (Efudix) | Imiquimod (Aldara)

Question 33

Name 2 side effects of topical steroids getting into eyes.

Answer 33

Cataracts | Glaucoma

Question 34

Generally, a potent steroid should be used for .../... and mild/moderate should be used for .../.../...?

Answer 34

Trunk and limbs | Face, genitals and flexures