Dermatology II

Question 1

What are the two divisions of acquired alopecia?

Answer 1

Traumatic and non-traumatic

Question 2

What is alopecia?

Answer 2

Partial or complete absence of hair in areas where hair is normally present

Question 3

Name causes of non-traumatic alopecia:

Answer 3

Endocrinopathy
Telogen dysplacia
Nutritional alopecia
Folliculitis
Perifoliculitis
Tumours
Deep pyoderma
Dermatomyositis
Canine pattern baldness
Idiopathic bald thigh syndrome
Feline preauricular and pinnal alopecia
Demodicosis

Question 4

Etiology of alopecia may be:

Answer 4

Hereditary or acquired
Traumatic
Non-traumatic
Hormonal or non-hormonal

Question 5

Alopecia according to localization?

Answer 5

Localized, generalised, regional or multifocal

Question 6

Hereditary alopecia may result from:

Answer 6

Dystrophy or abscence of hair follicles
Hereditary hypotrichosis
Canine primary seborea
Abnormalities in the hair shaft structure
Follicular dysplasia
Color dilution alopecia
Black hair follicular dysplasia
Pattern alopecia
Recurrent flank alopecia

Question 7

What is hereditary hypotrichosis?

Answer 7

Alopetic breeds that are bred deliberately to produce hairless offspring

Question 8

Alopetic dogs with hereditary hypotrichosis may develop:

Answer 8

Mild secondary pyoderma or seborea

Question 9

What is treatment for congenital hypotrichosis when there is secondary seborea and pyoderma?

Answer 9

Antiseborrheic follicular flushing (comedolytic), antibacterial shampo bath and conditioners

Question 10

What is canine primary seborrhea?

Answer 10

A hereditary disorder of keratinization

Question 11

When is occurrence and what are symptoms of canine primary seborrhea?

Answer 11

Occurrence: puppyhood, worsen
CS: dull, dry, lusterless hair coat, excessive scaling, scaly and crusty seborrheic patches and plaques, greasy malodorous skin

Question 12

What happens during keratinization?

Answer 12

Keratinocytes (epithelial cells) morphology changes from small and round to in the basal layer to large, anuclear in the corny layer.

Question 13

What are the layers of keratinocytes?

Answer 13

Basal layer
Spinous layer
Granular layer
Horny layer

Question 14

How many days does keratinization take?

Answer 14

22 days (Beagles)

Question 15

Which areas are most affected by canine primary seborrhea?

Answer 15

Interdigital
Perineum
Face
Axillae
Ventral neck
Abdomen
Skin folds

Question 16

Ceruminous otitis externa is common with:

Answer 16

Canine primary seborrhea

Question 17

What is follicular dysplacia?

Answer 17

A group of dermatoses characterized by a structural hair follicle abnormality and resulting alopecia. Dermatological signs start in young dogs and progress slowly.

Question 18

Which areas are usually UNaffected in follicular dysplacia?

Answer 18

Head and limbs

Question 19

What is color-dilution alopecia (black hair follicular alopecia)?

Answer 19

The most common genodermatosis and include hypotrichosis and extensive alopecia of color-dilute regions, mainly on the trunk. Head and limbs are often spared.

Question 20

Color dilution alopecia has been reported in:

Answer 20

Dogs with blue coats, mainly Doberman, also yorkshire terrier, great dane, saluki, dachshund

Question 21

Melatonin stimulating hormone deficiency is reported in:

Answer 21

Color dilution alopecia

Question 22

Dermatological signs of color dilution alopecia start;

Answer 22

between 4 months and 3 years of age

Question 23

What is also common in color dilution alopecia?

Answer 23

Secondary pyoderma esp. in dorsolumbar region and may cause pruritus

Question 24

Pattern alopecias and recurrent flank alopecia are:

Answer 24

Non-inflammatory alopecias (genodermatosis)

Question 25

Clinical signs of pattern alopecia and recurrent flank:

Answer 25

alopecia at the base of the convex pinnae, ventral neck, thorax, abdomen and caudal thighs

Question 26

Pattern alopecia and recurrent flank starts around:

Answer 26

6 months of age

Question 27

Pattern alopecia breeds:

Answer 27

Dachshund, Pinchers, Whippets, Boxers, American water spaniel, Portugese water dog, Irish water spaniel

Question 28

Recurrent flank alopecia breeds:

Answer 28

Boxer and English bulldog

Question 29

What is suspected aetiology of recurrent flank alopecia?

Answer 29

Episodic follicular dysfunction

Question 30

What may be involved in pathogenesis of recurrent flank alopecia?

Answer 30

Melatonin and prolactin from the pituitary gland (involved in hair growth)

Question 31

WHat are dermatological signs of recurrent flank alopecia?

Answer 31

alopecia starting on the flanks, hair regrowth some months later. Bilateral, or unilateral, non-inflammatory. Well-defined borders, often hyperpigmented.

Question 32

Where is alopecia seen in recurrent flank alopecia?

Answer 32

Lateral pinnae, bridge of the nose and caudal thighs

Question 33

What is sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 33

Destructive, inflammatory disease of sebaceeous glands

Question 34

Sebaceous adenitis is rare, but has been reported in:

Answer 34

Young adult to middle aged Standard Poodles, Hungarian Vizslas, Akitas and Samoyeds

Question 35

What are sebaceous glands?

Answer 35

Alveolar glands, usually located in groups of two or three in each hair group

Question 36

What are clinical signs of sebaceous adenitis?

Answer 36

Mild to severe scaling - dorsum of the back and neck, top of head, face and tail

Question 37

Sebaceous adenitis according to spread:

Answer 37

Localized, become multifocal or generalized

Question 38

Pruritus is not usually seen in:

Answer 38

Sebaceous adenitis

Question 39

Treatment of sebaceous adenitis:

Answer 39

Essential fatty acids, prednisone, vitamin A

Question 40

Epidermal dysplacia occurs in:

Answer 40

West Highland White Terrier

Question 41

Epidermal dysplacia is characterized by:

Answer 41

Pruritus, seborrhea and lichenification

Question 42

Epidermal dysplacia is presumed to be;:

Answer 42

An inherited disorders of keratinization in which a dysplastic epidermis is predisposed to secondary Malassezia infection

Question 43

Clinical signs of Epidermal dysplacia:

Answer 43

Greasy haircoat Mild to moderate pruritus Pyoderma Alopecia Scaling Crusting Lichenification Hyperpigmentation

Question 44

Traumatic acquired alopecia may be caused by:

Answer 44

Pruritic dermatoses Physical and chemical assault

Question 45

Sarcoptes mange is caused by:

Answer 45

Sarcoptes scabies var. canis (mite)

Question 46

What is Malassezia pachydermatis?

Answer 46

A yeast that is normally found in low numbers in the external ear canals, in perioral areas, in perianal regions and in moist skin folds

Question 47

What is dermatophytosis?

Answer 47

An infection of hair coat and stratum corneum caused by keratinophilic fungi

Question 48

What fungi causes dermatophytosis?

Answer 48

Microsporum and Trichophyton

Question 49

What is pryotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)?

Answer 49

An acute and rapidly developing surface bacterial skin infection that occurs secondary to self-inflicted trauma. A lesion that is created when the animal licks, chews, scratches or rubs to a focal area as a response to a pruritic or painful stimulus

Question 50

What is treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis?

Answer 50

Flea control Lesion is clipped and cleaned Topical analgesic or corticosteroid containing cream or solution every 8 to 12 hours for 5 to 10 days Severe pruritis: prednisone 0.5 - 1.0 mg/kg per oral every 24 hours for 5-10 days Antibiotics if the lesion is surrounded by papules or pustules

Question 51

What is canine hyperadrenocorticism known as?

Answer 51

Cushings disease

Question 52

What happens in Cushings disease?

Answer 52

Spontaneously occurring hyperadrenocorticism with excessive production of endogenous steroid hormones (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids) by the adrenal cortex

Question 53

What is Cushings caused by?

Answer 53

Hyperfunctioning adrenal tumour (15-20%) or pituitary tumour (80-85%)

Question 54

Pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) is caused by:

Answer 54

Excessive production of ACTH from pituitary microadenoma or macroadenoma

Question 55

Iatrogenic induced disease occurs:

Answer 55

Secondary to excessive administration of exogenous glucocorticoids

Question 56

Describe haircoat in canine hyperadrenocorticism:

Answer 56

Dry and lusterless, slowly progressing, bilaterally symmetrical, alopecia