Dermatology Overview Flashcards
(49 cards)
Which component of the skin is described below?
Stratum corneum
Cellular stratum (melanocytes and keratinocytes)
Epidermis
Which component of the skin is described below?
Blood vessels
Nerves
Connective fibers
Immune mediators
Dermis
Which component of the skin is described below?
Adipose tissue
Subcutaneous
Which component of the skin is described below?
Eccrine sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands
Sebaceous glands
Hair
Nails
Appendages
List some of the physiologic functions of the skin
Protection: barrier to foreign matter, physical trauma, UV
Retard body fluid loss
Regulate body temperature through radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation
Provide sensory perception via free nerve endings and receptors
Produce Vitamin D (supplement 400-600 IU from first days of life)
Contribute to blood pressure regulation through constriction of skin blood vessels
Repair surface wounds by exaggerating the normal process of cell replacement
Excrete sweat, urea, lactic acid
Size: <1cm
Description: Flat area of discoloration, Non-palpable, circumscribed
Examples: Freckles, Flat moles, Petechiae, meales
Macule
Size: >1 cm
Description: Flat area of discoloration
Examples: Vitiligo, Portwine stain, Café au lait patch
Patch
Size: < 1cm
Description: Raised, Palpable, Firm, circumscribed
examples: Wart, Elevated moles, Lichen planus
Papule
Size: > 1cm
Description: Elevated, palpable lesion; may be coalesced papule
Examples: Psoriasis, Seborrheic keratosis, Actinic keratosis
Other: Yellow/greasy appearance – think seborrheic keratosis
Plaque
Size: Variable diameter
Description: Elevated, irregular shaped area of cutaneous edema, solid, transient
Examples: Insect bites, Urticaria, Allergic reactions
Other: Pink with a pale center
Wheal
Size: 1-2cm
Description: Elevated, Firm, Circumscribed/round lesion, Deeper than a papule, Diameter = thickness
Examples: Erythema nodusum, lipomas
Nodule
Size: >2cm
Description: Elevated, Solid, May not be clearly demarcated
Examples: Neoplasms, Lipoma, Hemangioma, Benign tumor
Other: Not necessarily cancer
Tumor
Size: < 1cm
Description: Elevated, Circumscribed, Superficial, Filled with serous fluid
Examples: Varicella, Herpes zoster (shingles)
Vesicle
Size: > 1cm
Description: Fluid filled, A big vesicle
Examples: blister
Bulla
Size: < 1cm
Description: Vesicle with purulent (pus) fluid
Examples: Impetigo
Pustule
Size: varies
Description: Heaped up, keratinized cells, irregular
Examples: Flaking skin due to drug reaction or seb dermatitis
Scale
Size: varies
Description:
Rough surface with dried sebum, exudate, blood, or necrotic tissue
Slightly elevated; Brown, red, black, tan, or straw colored
Blood or pus
Examples: Eczema, A scab on an abrasion
Crust
Size: varies
Description: Thin, linear erosion or ulcer; Linear crack or break in the epidermis to dermis
Examples: Athlete’s foot, Crack at the corner of the mouth
Misc: Can be a primary lesion from i.e. constipation (anal canal)
Fissure
Description: Increase in water content (soggy)
Macerated
Size: varies
Description: Loss of part of epidermis/partial break in epidermis, depressed, moist
Following rupture of a vesicle or bulla
Examples: Varicella, Variola after rupture
Erosion
Size: varies
Description: Full thickness loss of the epidermis, Loss of epidermis and dermis
Examples: Decubitis ulcer, Stasis ulcers
Ulcer
Size: varies
Description:
Thinning of the skin surface and loss of skin marking
Loss of skin or tissue, thinned, stretched, or shiny
Examples: Aged skin, Striae
Misc: Can get striae from steroid use
Atrophy
Size: varies
Description: Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after injury or laceration to the dermis
Examples: Atrophic or hypertrophic
Misc: Multiple colors 🡪 red, skin colored, hypopigmented, or white
Scar
Size: varies
Description: Irregular shaped, Elevated, Progressively enlarging
Examples: Hypertrophic skin especially after surgery
Misc: Can try to give steroid injections to soften the skin
Keloid
