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Medicine--> derm > Dermatology Overview > Flashcards

Dermatology Overview Flashcards

1
Q

What is a primary lesion?

A
  • may be present at birth or result of disease, allergic reaction or enviornmental agents
  • a primary lesion in one disease may be a secondary lesion in another
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2
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • flat, even with the surface level of surrounding skin
  • perceptible only as an area of color different from the surrounding skin
  • touch it and cant tell its different from any other part of skin
  • smaller than 0.5 cm
A

Macule

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3
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • solid, elevated lesion less than 0.5 cm in size
  • a significant portion projects above the plane of the surrounding skin
A

Papule

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4
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • similar to a macule
  • flat area of skin or mucous membranes with a different color from its surrounding
  • larger than 0.5 cm, and it may have a fine, very thin scale
  • Larger version of a macule
A

Patch

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5
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • Solid, plateau-like elevation that occupies a relatively large surface are in comparison with its height above the normal skin level
  • diameter larger than 0.5 cm
A

Plaque

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6
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • fluid-filled cavity or elevation smaller than or equal to 0.5cm
  • the fluid in the cavity exerts equal pressure in all directions to give rise to a spherical shape
A

vesicle

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7
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • measures larger than 0.5 cm
  • the fluid in the cavity exerts equal pressure in all directions to give rise to a spherical shape
A

Bulla (Blister)

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8
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • solid, round or ellipsoidal, palpable lesion
  • diameter larger than 0.5 cm
A

Nodule

  • tumor, also sometimes included under the heading of nodule, is a general term for any mass, benign or malignant
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9
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • swelling of the skin that is characteristically evanescent, disappearing within hours
  • also known as hives or uticaria
  • the result of edema produced by the escape of plasma through vessel walls in the upper portion of the dermis
  • may be tiny papules or giant plaques, and they may take the form of various shapes (round, oval, serpiginous, or annular), often in the same patient
  • disapears on its own
  • scratch skin and it stays–>but eventually will go away
A

Wheal

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10
Q

What is this primary lesion?

  • Encapsulated cavity or sac line with a true epithelium that contains fluid or semisolid material (cells and cell products such as keratin)
  • spherical or oval shape results from the tendency of the contents to spread equally in all directions
A

cyst

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11
Q

What is a secondary lesion?

A
  • changes in the skin result from primary skin lesions
  • can be natural progression, or result of patient manipulating (picking) the primary lesion
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12
Q
  • a defect in which the epidermis and at least the upper (papillary) dermis have been destroyed
A

Ulcer

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13
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • flat plate or flake arising from the outermost layer of the stratum corneum
A

Scale, Desquamation

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14
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • hardened deposits that result when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on the surface of the skin
  • the color is a yellow-borwn when formed from dried serous secretion
    • turbid yellowish-green when formed from purulent secretion
    • reddish-black when formed from hemorrhagic secretion
A

Crust

  • removal of the crust may reveal an underlying erosion or ulcer
  • Honey crusted lesion
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15
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • moist, circumbscribed depressed lesion that results from loss of a portion or all of the viable epidermal or mucousal epithelium
  • may result from trauma, detachment of epidermal layers with maceration, rupture of vesicles or bullae, or epidermal necrosis
A
  • Erosions
    • do not scar unless become secondarily infected
    • this can be the beginning of a bed sore
    • drug rxs, burns
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16
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • Surface excavations of epidermis that result from scratching
A

Excoriation

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17
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • Proliferation of fibrous tissue that replaces previously normal collagen after a wound or ulceration breaches the reticular dermis
A

Scar

18
Q

What is this secondary lesion?

  • Reactive thickening of the epidermis, with changes in the collagen of the underlying superficial dermis
  • These changes produce a thickened skin with accentuated markings, which may resemble tree bark
  • from excessive itching
A

Lichenification

19
Q
  • Diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part of the body.
  • An atrophic epidermis is glossy, almost transparent, paper thin and wrinkled, and may not retain normal skin lines.
  • Paper like appearance of skin
  • get common skin tears
  • as our collagen depletes
A

Atrophy

20
Q
  • Deep, necrotizing folliculitis with suppuration.
  • Presents as an inflamed follicle-centered nodule usually greater than 1 cm with a central necrotic plug and an overlying pustule
  • Several furuncles may coalesce to form a carbuncle.
A

Furuncle

21
Q
  • Localized accumulation of purulent material so deep in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue that the pus is usually not visible on the surface of the skin
  • Pink, erythematous, warm, tender, fluctuant nodule
  • so deep it doesnt have a white head
A

Abscess

22
Q
  • Wavy, threadlike tunnel through the outer portion of the epidermis excavated by a parasite
A

Burrow

  • Scabies burrow under the skin
23
Q

• represents the blanchable pink to red color of skin or mucous membrane that is due to dilatation of arteries and veins in the papillary and reticular dermis

A

Erythema

24
Q
  • Extravasation of red blood from cutaneous vessels into skin or mucous membranes
  • Results in reddish-purple lesions
  • The application of pressure with two glass slides or an unbreakable clear lens (diascopy) on a reddish-purple lesion is a simple and reliable method for differentiating redness due to vascular dilatation (erythema) from redness due to extravasated erythrocytes or erythrocyte products (purpura).
  • Non-blanching
  • more systemic issues going on
A

Purpura

25
Q
  • Purpura less than 1 cm in diameter
  • can see these in eyes from increase pressure and capillaries bursting
A

Petechiae

26
Q
  • Persistent dilatations of small capillaries in the superficial dermis that are visible as fine, bright, non-pulsatile red lines or net-like patterns on the skin
  • very common
  • spider veins
A

Telangiectasia

27
Q
  • Hair follicle infundibulum that is dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids
A

Comedo (Comedone)

  • When open to the surface of the skin with a visible keratinaceous plug, the lesion is referred to as an open comedo.
  • The black color of the comedo is due to the oxidized sebaceous content of the infundibulum (“blackhead”)
  • A closed infundibulum in which the follicular opening is unapparent accumulates whitish keratin and is called a closed comedo. (“whitehead)
28
Q
  • Hyperkeratotic conical mass of cornified cells arising over an abnormally differentiating epidermis
  • not cancerous or harmful
A

Horn

29
Q
  • Deposits of calcium in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue may be appreciated as hard, whitish nodules or plaques, with or without visible alteration of the skin’s surface
  • built up calcium but not harmful
  • usually around sun damaged area
    • but can occur anywhere
A

Calcinosis

30
Q
  • Linear loss of continuity of the skin’s surface or mucosa that results from excessive tension or decreased elasticity of the involved tissue.
  • Frequently occur on the palms and soles where the thick stratum corneum is least expandable
  • skin breaks open
    • over dryness leads to decreased elaticity
A

Fissure

31
Q
  • Excessive accumulation of scale (hyperkeratosis) that results in a yellowish thickening of the skin
  • Usually on the palms or soles, that may be inherited (abnormal keratin formation) or acquired (mechanical stimulation)
  • overworked area of skin
A

Keratoderma

32
Q
  • Linear depressions of the skin that usually measure several centimeters in length and result from changes to the reticular collagen that occur with rapid stretching of the skin
  • skin grows too quickly
  • rapidly expanding of skin
  • stretch marks
A

Striae

33
Q
  • Tract connecting deep suppurative cavities to each other or to the surface of the skin
  • everything is connected and channeling
A

Sinus

34
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?

  • Ring shaped
  • Edge of lesion differs from center
    • Raised
    • Scaly
    • Differing color
A

Annular

35
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?

  • Coin shaped
  • Uniform morphology from edges to center
A

Nummular

36
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Coalescing circles, rings or incomplete rings
A

Polycyclic

37
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Arc-shaped
  • Often incomplete formation of annular lesion
  • not completely formed yet so can be a precursor to anular
A

Arcuate

38
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

• Resembling straight line

A

Linear

39
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Net-like or lacy in appearance
  • Somewhat regularly spaced rings or partial rings
  • Sparing of intervening skin
A

Reticular

40
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Serpentine or snake-like
A

Serpiginous

41
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Target-like
  • At least 3 distinctive zones
  • usually seen with lyme disease
A

Targetoid

42
Q

What is this distribution of lesion?​

  • Like marble cake
  • Two distinct colors interspersed in a wavy pattern
A

Whorled

Medicine--> derm (4 decks)

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