Dermatology Overview Flashcards
1
Q
What is a primary lesion?
A
- may be present at birth or result of disease, allergic reaction or enviornmental agents
- a primary lesion in one disease may be a secondary lesion in another
2
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- flat, even with the surface level of surrounding skin
- perceptible only as an area of color different from the surrounding skin
- touch it and cant tell its different from any other part of skin
- smaller than 0.5 cm
A
Macule
3
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- solid, elevated lesion less than 0.5 cm in size
- a significant portion projects above the plane of the surrounding skin
A
Papule
4
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- similar to a macule
- flat area of skin or mucous membranes with a different color from its surrounding
- larger than 0.5 cm, and it may have a fine, very thin scale
- Larger version of a macule
A
Patch
5
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- Solid, plateau-like elevation that occupies a relatively large surface are in comparison with its height above the normal skin level
- diameter larger than 0.5 cm
A
Plaque
6
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- fluid-filled cavity or elevation smaller than or equal to 0.5cm
- the fluid in the cavity exerts equal pressure in all directions to give rise to a spherical shape
A
vesicle
7
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- measures larger than 0.5 cm
- the fluid in the cavity exerts equal pressure in all directions to give rise to a spherical shape
A
Bulla (Blister)
8
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- solid, round or ellipsoidal, palpable lesion
- diameter larger than 0.5 cm
A
Nodule
- tumor, also sometimes included under the heading of nodule, is a general term for any mass, benign or malignant
9
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- swelling of the skin that is characteristically evanescent, disappearing within hours
- also known as hives or uticaria
- the result of edema produced by the escape of plasma through vessel walls in the upper portion of the dermis
- may be tiny papules or giant plaques, and they may take the form of various shapes (round, oval, serpiginous, or annular), often in the same patient
- disapears on its own
- scratch skin and it stays–>but eventually will go away
A
Wheal
10
Q
What is this primary lesion?
- Encapsulated cavity or sac line with a true epithelium that contains fluid or semisolid material (cells and cell products such as keratin)
- spherical or oval shape results from the tendency of the contents to spread equally in all directions
A
cyst
11
Q
What is a secondary lesion?
A
- changes in the skin result from primary skin lesions
- can be natural progression, or result of patient manipulating (picking) the primary lesion
12
Q
- a defect in which the epidermis and at least the upper (papillary) dermis have been destroyed
A
Ulcer
13
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- flat plate or flake arising from the outermost layer of the stratum corneum
A
Scale, Desquamation
14
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- hardened deposits that result when serum, blood, or purulent exudate dries on the surface of the skin
- the color is a yellow-borwn when formed from dried serous secretion
- turbid yellowish-green when formed from purulent secretion
- reddish-black when formed from hemorrhagic secretion
A
Crust
- removal of the crust may reveal an underlying erosion or ulcer
- Honey crusted lesion
15
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- moist, circumbscribed depressed lesion that results from loss of a portion or all of the viable epidermal or mucousal epithelium
- may result from trauma, detachment of epidermal layers with maceration, rupture of vesicles or bullae, or epidermal necrosis
A
- Erosions
- do not scar unless become secondarily infected
- this can be the beginning of a bed sore
- drug rxs, burns
16
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- Surface excavations of epidermis that result from scratching
A
Excoriation
17
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- Proliferation of fibrous tissue that replaces previously normal collagen after a wound or ulceration breaches the reticular dermis
A
Scar
18
Q
What is this secondary lesion?
- Reactive thickening of the epidermis, with changes in the collagen of the underlying superficial dermis
- These changes produce a thickened skin with accentuated markings, which may resemble tree bark
- from excessive itching
A
Lichenification
19
Q
- Diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part of the body.
- An atrophic epidermis is glossy, almost transparent, paper thin and wrinkled, and may not retain normal skin lines.
- Paper like appearance of skin
- get common skin tears
- as our collagen depletes
A
Atrophy
20
Q
- Deep, necrotizing folliculitis with suppuration.
- Presents as an inflamed follicle-centered nodule usually greater than 1 cm with a central necrotic plug and an overlying pustule
- Several furuncles may coalesce to form a carbuncle.
A
Furuncle
21
Q
- Localized accumulation of purulent material so deep in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue that the pus is usually not visible on the surface of the skin
- Pink, erythematous, warm, tender, fluctuant nodule
- so deep it doesnt have a white head
A
Abscess
22
Q
- Wavy, threadlike tunnel through the outer portion of the epidermis excavated by a parasite
A
Burrow
- Scabies burrow under the skin
23
Q
• represents the blanchable pink to red color of skin or mucous membrane that is due to dilatation of arteries and veins in the papillary and reticular dermis
A
Erythema
24
Q
- Extravasation of red blood from cutaneous vessels into skin or mucous membranes
- Results in reddish-purple lesions
- The application of pressure with two glass slides or an unbreakable clear lens (diascopy) on a reddish-purple lesion is a simple and reliable method for differentiating redness due to vascular dilatation (erythema) from redness due to extravasated erythrocytes or erythrocyte products (purpura).
- Non-blanching
- more systemic issues going on
A
Purpura
25
* Purpura less than 1 cm in diameter
* can see these in eyes from increase pressure and capillaries bursting
Petechiae
26
* Persistent **dilatations** of small capillaries in the superficial dermis that are visible as fine, bright, non-pulsatile red lines or net-like patterns on the skin
* very common
* spider veins
Telangiectasia
27
* Hair follicle infundibulum that is dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids
Comedo (Comedone)
* When open to the surface of the skin with a visible keratinaceous plug, the lesion is referred to as an open comedo.
* The black color of the comedo is due to the oxidized sebaceous content of the infundibulum (“blackhead”)
* A closed infundibulum in which the follicular opening is unapparent accumulates whitish keratin and is called a closed comedo. (“whitehead)
28
* Hyperkeratotic conical mass of cornified cells arising over an abnormally differentiating epidermis
* not cancerous or harmful
Horn
29
* Deposits of calcium in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue may be appreciated as hard, whitish nodules or plaques, with or without visible alteration of the skin's surface
* built up calcium but not harmful
* usually around sun damaged area
* but can occur anywhere
Calcinosis
30
* Linear loss of continuity of the skin's surface or mucosa that results from excessive tension or decreased elasticity of the involved tissue.
* Frequently occur on the palms and soles where the thick stratum corneum is least expandable
* skin breaks open
* over dryness leads to decreased elaticity
Fissure
31
* Excessive accumulation of scale (hyperkeratosis) that results in a yellowish thickening of the skin
* Usually on the palms or soles, that may be inherited (abnormal keratin formation) or acquired (mechanical stimulation)
* overworked area of skin
Keratoderma
32
* Linear depressions of the skin that usually measure several centimeters in length and result from changes to the reticular collagen that occur with rapid stretching of the skin
* skin grows too quickly
* rapidly expanding of skin
* stretch marks
Striae
33
* Tract connecting deep suppurative cavities to each other or to the surface of the skin
* everything is connected and channeling
Sinus
34
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Ring shaped
* Edge of lesion differs from center
* Raised
* Scaly
* Differing color
Annular
35
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Coin shaped
* Uniform morphology from edges to center
Nummular
36
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Coalescing circles, rings or incomplete rings
Polycyclic
37
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Arc-shaped
* Often incomplete formation of annular lesion
* not completely formed yet so can be a precursor to anular
Arcuate
38
What is this distribution of lesion?
• Resembling straight line
Linear
39
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Net-like or lacy in appearance
* Somewhat regularly spaced rings or partial rings
* Sparing of intervening skin
Reticular
40
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Serpentine or snake-like
Serpiginous
41
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Target-like
* At least 3 distinctive zones
* usually seen with lyme disease
Targetoid
42
What is this distribution of lesion?
* Like marble cake
* Two distinct colors interspersed in a wavy pattern
Whorled
