Dermatology p2

Question 1

Systemic therapies for skin disease (9)

Answer 1

1. AntiB
2. Antifungals
3. Antihistamines
4. Corticosteroids
5. Hormones
6. Omega 3
7. Antiparasitic
8. Diet trials
9. Allergen injections

Question 2

Topical therapies for skin disease (5)

Answer 2

1. Creams
2. Solutions
3. Shampoos
4. Spot-ons
5. Powders

Question 3

Environmental therapies for skin disease (2)

Answer 3

1. Contact surfaces
2. Air quality

Question 4

How to give a bath with a medicated shampoo (4)

Answer 4

1. Minimum of 10min contact time of fully lathered animal!
2. Thoroughly rinse for 5-10min
   - Leave no residue
3. Shampoo therapy usually needs to be repeated every 5-10 days
4. Follow label directions; DVM prescription

Question 5

D.A.M.N.I.T.

Answer 5

Question 6

Dermatomycoses (Ringworm)
1. Etiology
2. Zoonosis concern
3. Clinical signs (3)

Answer 6

1. Microsporum & Trichophyton spp are most common in dogs & cats.
2. Yes!!
3. Signs
   - Mild pruritis
   - Circular alopecia with crusts & scale
   - May or may not have “ring” appearance

Question 7

Dermatomycoses (Ringworm)
1. Diagnosis (3)
2. Treatment (3)
3. Prevention (4)

Answer 7

1. Dx
   - Woods lamp
   - Fungal culture / ID
2. Tx
   - Topical for focal lesion
   - Systemic antifungal agents
   - Vaccine (cats)
3. Prevention
   - Spores contam envir for >1yr
   - Bleach hard surfaces
   - Toss toys, bedding, & grooming supplies not easily bleached
   - Children away from infected animals!!

Question 8

Moist Dermatitis (Hotspots)
1. Etiology
2. Clinical signs (1)
3. Treatment (3)

Answer 8

1. Self-trauma secondary to allergies, ear infections, insect bites.
2. Acute moist, painful, pruritic erosions
3. Tx
   - Careful clipping to normal skin
   - Gentle cleaning with Chorhexiderm solution
   - Tx inciting cause, prevent self-trauma

Question 9

Anal Gland Sacculitis
1. Etiology
2. Clinical signs (2)
3. Tx (4)
4. Prevention

Answer 9

1. Infection & duct obstruction of anal gland(s)
2. Signs:
   - Scooting and/or licking perianal area
   - Foul odor with/without perineal wound
3. Tx
   - Express anal glands
   - Clips & clean open wounds
   - AntiB infusion into sacs
   - Systemic antiB
4. Prevention: Increase insoluble fiber in diet to create formed stool.

Question 10

Allergic Dermatitis
Etiology (4)

Answer 10

1. Atopy (inhaled allergy)
2. Food allergy
3. Flea-bite allergy
4. Contact allergy

Question 11

Allergic Dermatitis
Evaluation (6)

Answer 11

History:
1. Seasonal pruritis ?
2. Diet Hx
3. Foot licking
4. Otitis externa ?
5. Body pattern
Common for animal to have more than one allergy at a time!

Question 12

Atopy
1. Causes (2)
2. Signs (4)
3. Effects (3)
4. Tx (4)

Answer 12

1. Causes: Seasonal Hx molds, pollen, dust); Breeds (white, yellow haired).
2. Signs
   - Feet, face, axilla & ventrum most common body patterns.
3. Effects: Often due to self-trauma
   - Secondary infections
   - Alopecia
   - Hyperpigmentation
4. Tx
   - Antihistamines
   - Omega 3
   - Steroids
   - Hyposensitization inj

Question 13

Food Allergy
1. Signs (4)
2. Cause
3. Tx (2)

Answer 13

1. Signs
   - Otitis externa
   - Scooting
   - Face rubbing common in K9
   - Rodent ulcers & ventrum alopecia in cats
2. Cause: Trigger will be a protein in diet, usually need >1yr of exposure to the antigen.
3. Tx
   - Novel diet or Lyophilized protein diet
   - Tx secondary problems

Question 14

Flea Allergy
1. Etiology
2. Signs (2)
3. Treatment (2)

Answer 14

1. Allergy to flea saliva. Even one flea bite can cause severe pruritis for days.
2. Signs
   - Flea or flea dirt
   - Body distribution: Tailhead usually worse
3. Tx
   - Aggressive flea control
   - Tx secondary problems

Question 15

Contact Allergy
1. Etiology
2. Signs (4)
3. Treatment

Answer 15

1. Allergy to a substance in direct contact with skin (grass, carpet, plastic bowls).
2. Signs: Dermatitis most prominent in thin-haired body regions
   - Axilla
   - Groin
   - Ventrum
   - Face
3. Prevent skin contact with offending agent

Question 16

Endocrine Skin Disease
Etiology

Answer 16

Endocrine imbalance in body leads to skin signs. Usually, non-pruritic symmetrical alopecia.

Question 17

Immune-Mediate Skin Disease
1. Etiology
2. Triggers (5)
3. Treatment (4)

Answer 17

1. Abnormal response of immune system, causing lesions of skin.
2. Triggers
   - AntiB
   - Viruses
   - Neoplasia
   - Female gender
   - Idiopathic
3. Tx
   Immunosuppression, especially T-cells
   - Prednisone
   - Azathioprine
   - Cyclosporine

Question 18

Neoplasia of Skin
1. Etiology
2. Types (3)
3. Diagnosis

Answer 18

1. Tumors of the skin are rather common & most are benign, but malignant life-threatening skin neoplasia does occur.
2. Types
   - Mast cell tumor
   - Squamous cell carcinoma
   - Cutaneous lymphoma
3. Dx
   - All skin tumors should be eval for malignancy (cytology)

Question 19

Squamous Cell Carcinoma is problematic in ___-___ cats. They are typically affected in the ___ & ___ planum.
Mast Cell Tumor can affect ___ ___ but problematic in ___ dogs.

Answer 19

1. White-faced
2. Pinna & nasal
3. Any animal
4. Boxers