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AGNP AANC Boards > Dermatology - terms and skin problems > Flashcards

Dermatology - terms and skin problems Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Rosacea ( who is exposed, tx, presentation)

A

Fair skinned middle age woman, w/ history of symmetric redness on central area of face. Easy flushing with etoh and spicy food

TX: 1. avoid triggers 2. Metronidazole gel BID

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2
Q

What are Primary Lesions? which are < 1cm and which are >1cm

A

< 1 cm : Macule, Papule, Vesicle

> 1 cm : Nodule, Plaque, Bullae, Pusule, Wheal

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3
Q

Macule

A

freckle ( flat and nonpalpable)

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4
Q

Papule

A

Acne ( palpable solid lesion)

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5
Q

Nodule

A

Basal cell cancer ( raised solid lesion)

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6
Q

Pustule

A

acne pustules ( circumscribed elevated lesions containing pus)

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7
Q

Bullae

A

Bullous impetigo, blister, 2nd degree burn ( elevated superficial blister fluid with serous fluid > 1 cm)

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8
Q

Vesicle

A

herpes simplez or zoster ( elevated raised skin filled with serous fluid ) < 1 cm

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9
Q

Plaque

A

Psoriasis ( solid raised lesion with flat top

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10
Q

What are secondary lesions?

A

changes/ complications of primary lesions

ex. Lichenification, Scale, Crust, Ulceration, Scar, Keloids

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11
Q

Lichenification

A

thickening of epidermis due to excess itching

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12
Q

Scale

A

flaking skin

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13
Q

Crust

A

results from drying exudate

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14
Q

Ulceration

A

eroding of epidermis and dermis

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15
Q

scar

A

permanent fibrotic change following damage to the dermis

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16
Q

Keloids

A

overgrowth of scar tissue

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17
Q

What is the rule of 9’s?

A

body surface of burn :

Arms and above : 9
Chest and below : 18

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18
Q

Second degree burn

A

partial thickness

painful red skin, bullae, weepy skin

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19
Q

3rd degree burn

A

full thickness

pale/white color, charred skin, leather like texture, check ABC

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20
Q

In burn victim, what do you give them if they are allergic to sulfa drugs?

A

Bacitracin, polysporin

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21
Q

Smoke inhalation presentation and plan?

A

thermal facial burns, w/ soot around nose and mouth, signed eyebrows, hoarness

send to ED

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22
Q

What is ABA definition of a minor burn?

A

Age 10-30 < 10 % patrial thickness burn

should not involve feet, face, gentials, hands, does not corss joints

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23
Q

Cellulitis
bacteria ?
presentation?

A

Strep or Staph
acute skin infection, localized skin redness with defined margins. Feels warm, and tender, look for a point of entry ( bites, trauma)

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24
Q

Lymphangitis

A

red streaks that follow the lymphatic system. Often from IV antibioitic

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25
Erysipelas
Strep infection, red red plaque or induration with sharp elevated margins around the face or lower leg. Must go to ED if face
26
Furuncle
Boil or skin abscess. due to an infection of the hair follicle . Purulent drainage when ruptures
27
carbuncle
cluster of boils connected subcutaneously , common behind neck
28
What is the tx for mild cellulitis ( nonpurulent)
Keflex
29
What is first line tx for abscesses
I and D
30
What is the tx for purulent cellulitis ? MRSA
Wound culture and then Bactrim for 10 days
31
Impetigo ( presentation and tx)
acute onset of round red rash with honey colored crusts. Very itchy and contagious tx : Nonbullous type: Bactroban TID 7-10days bullous : Keflex 7-10days
32
Acne Vulgaris Non- inflammed, Mild , Moderate, Severe
abnormal follicular keratinization TX: - non inflammatory acne ( open and closed comedones) - 1 st : topical retinoids ( tretinoin Retin- A) or Salyicylic Acid - Mild papulopustular and mixed acne ( mild papules, pustules, comedones) - Benzoyle peroxide and topical antibiotics and topical retinoid - Moderate papulopustular and mixed acne - topical retinoid, ORAL antibiotics and topical benzole peroxide - nodular acne ( refer to derm)
33
What are the SE and Safety concerns for topical retinoids?
SE: irrtiation, wait 30 min to apply after washing face
34
What is the safety concern with Tazarotene, Accutane
can not get pregnant
35
What is the concern with tetracycline?
tooth enamel staining, do not give to children do not mix with antiacids dairy or iron
36
Keys to staging pressure ulcers
stage 1 = no broken skin | stage 3 = full thickness, down to fat layer. slough
37
How do you culture a skin ulcer ?
need to preform a punch biopsy
38
What is an alginate dressing
from seaweed for exudative ulcers
39
Who should use foam dressings
stage II and shallow stage III, good for over hips
40
when should use debris a heel eschar?
only if it looks unstable ( wet, drains, boggy, loose)
41
Hidradenitis Supportiva * presentation and tx
recurrent episodes of large painful and tender red nodular, abscesses in axille groin, perianal due to occulusion of hair follicles glands results in : multiple scars and sinus tracks and odoar TX: avoid skin trauma, stop smoking, loose weight, if mild or moderate can do antibiotics at night
42
Psoriasis presentation and tx
immune inflammaotry disease. I tchy rashes that are red plaques covered with fine silvery scales , may see pitted fingernails First line : Emollients for skin hydration Topical corticosteriods : can cause HPA in high doses can use Kenalog
43
Auspitz sign
in psoriasis pts, meaning = scraping off plaques which results in pinpoint areas of bleeding
44
Keogner phenomon
in eczema and psoriasis pts = skin injury that produced new psoriatic lesions
45
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis )presentation
systemic, symmetrical both sides of body, chronic with flare ups, locations : hands, flexural side of elbow knees neck and face itchy and linchenifcation is common can have a higher incidence of allergic rhinitis and asthma
46
Contact Dermatitis
acute, located anywhere, one episode, shape can be linear, itchy but no lichenification
47
What is Rhus dermaitis
contact dermatitis caused by poison ivy
48
Scabies presentation and tx caused by?
generalized itchiness that is worse at night. locations include: sides and webs of fingers, wrists, ( flexor aspect) periumblicial area, penis rash may look : serpenginous excoriacted, crusted, scaly, vesicular caused by mites feces TX: Elimite cream leave on for 8-14 hours then rinse and repeat in 1 - 2 weeks
49
Is Lindane (kwell) lotion nuerotoxic?
yes
50
Pityriasis Rosea
"herald patch" pink w/ fine scales--> will develop smaller rashes on the trunk area followed by a " christmas tree" pattern. resolves on own
51
What is the lab test for tinea fungi infections?
Scrape lesions and send for fungal C/S ( KOH smear will show hypae and spores)
52
Tinea Capitis * what, presentation and tx
Fungal infection of the scalp scaly round patches on scalp that itch. Hair breaks, may have permanent alopecia TX : Systemic only = Griseofulvin, terniafine
53
Side effects to systemic antifungal therapy?
drug interactions w/ warfarin, statins, benzos, macrolides
54
Tinea Coporis presentations and tx
Annular red rash w/ scaling that slowly enlarge w/ central clearing, itchy use topical azole ointment
55
Tinea Cruris
Groin / topical tx such as terbinefine ( lamisil) Butenafine ( Lotrimin)
56
Tinea Pedis
feet and hands : scaling on soles, use topical
57
Onychomycosis
nailbed in elderly, thicken nails w/ debris can use topical penlac or systemic
58
Tinea Veriscolor
"sunspots" a rash that is hypopigmented or light brown color. Located on shoulder, chest, may itch use ketoconazole cream
59
herpes whitlow
caused by wither virus, and its aburpt onset of small papules which becomes vesicular. painful burning sensation, on index finger or thumb give oral acycloir as topical is too expensive
60
Paroncyhia w/ abcess
acute infection of cuticle around fingernail. Drain with #11 scapel
61
How is a subungal hematoma tx?
by terphination ( drain blood out w/ massage using large paperclip or #18 needle
62
SLE
chronic autoimmune disorder will have a facial malar rash ( butterfly rash) ANA = + can use plaqueninil
63
Molluscum Contagiosum
caused by poxvirus of the skin. Dome shaped lesion swith central umbilication . can be caused by STD watchful waiting
64
Rubella
3 day measles or german measles. can cause birth defects give pregnant mother w a negative rubella titer MMR after postpartum period or later *
65
RubeOla
Koplik spots = small white spots appearing on buccal mucosa which occurs 2-3 days prior to rash rash starts at face and spreads downward

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