Dermatophytes, Candida albicans, Malassezia pachydermatis, Sporothrix schenckii

Question 1

Dermatophytes are what that infect what

Answer 1

Molds that infect keratinized epidermal structures

Question 2

Dermatophytes disease is called what and what species cause it

Answer 2

Ring worm

Microsporum and Trichophyton

Question 3

Dermatophytes Cause more severe disease in what

Answer 3

Younger animals

Question 4

Dermatophyte transmission

Answer 4

Directly or indirectly from fomites or environment

Question 5

Dermatophytsis pathogenesis

Answer 5

Arthrospore (arthroconidium) adheres to keratinized epithelium to enter stratum corneum and Germination occurs
A) Hyphae branch grows under skin and some of the growth will turn into arthroconidia as the hyphae contact the hair follicles
B). As hair shaft grows the arthroconidia form
C) Arthroconidia then invade hair shaft making hair brittle and will break
D) Arthrospores can disperse

Question 6

Feline Dermatophytosis causative agent

Answer 6

Mycosporum canis

Question 7

Feline Dermatophytosis Disease

Answer 7

Mild or asymptomatic in adults and lesions in kittens and infected kittens are very congageous
Also is zoonotic

Question 8

Canine Dermatophytosis causative agent

Answer 8

Microsporum canis

Question 9

Canine Dermatophytosis is common in what

Answer 9

Puppies

Question 10

Bovine Dermatophytosis causative agent

Answer 10

Trichophyton verrucosum

Question 11

Bovine Dermatophytosis disease spread and symptoms

Answer 11

Fomites spread and causes thick crusty lesions with alopecia
Commonly seen in crowded young cattle housed inside for extended periods
More of a cosmetic issue, lesions resolve when cattle are exposed to UV light

Question 12

Poultry Dermatophytosis causative agent

Answer 12

Microsporum gallinae

Question 13

Poultry Dermatophytosis is a what disease and where does it occur

Answer 13

Cosmetic disease in flocks with poor husbandry

Question 14

Dermatophytosis diagnosis

Answer 14

Physical exam, exam hair under microscope, color change on DTM media, and **examine conidia produced on sporulation media

Question 15

Are the Micro or Macroconidia seen in skin scrapings under a microscope with Dermatophytosis

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Dermatophytosis treatment

Answer 16

Exposure to sunlight and dry conditions and topical anti-fungal treatments if needed
Can also do systemic antifungal treatment like Griseofulvin or Azole antifungals but neither are approved for food animals

Question 17

Dermatophytosis Prevention

Answer 17

Clean and disinfect environment and fomites

No vaccine

Question 18

Candida albicans is where

Answer 18

Normal Flora of GI, respiratory tracts, and genital tracts

Question 19

How does Candida albicans grow

Answer 19

As budding yeast

Question 20

What are the 2 growth forms of Candida albicans

Answer 20

Pseudohyphae (elongated yeast cells) and hyphae

Question 21

Candida albicans types of Infections

Answer 21

Superficial and disseminated

Question 22

Candida albicans Infections are associated with what

Answer 22

Allergy or immune deficiency or dysfunction

Question 23

Candida albicans Disease

Answer 23

Candidiasis

Question 24

Candida albicans Transmission

Answer 24

Endogenous, opportunistic pathogen

Question 25

Candida albicans Disease is where usually

Answer 25

Usually where agent is normally located

Question 26

Candida albicans Superinfections usually occur when

Answer 26

After antibiotics or poor sanitation in the same place the other infection was

Question 27

Candida albicans systemic infection has

Answer 27

A poor prognosis

Question 28

Candidiasis diagnosis

Answer 28

Microscopic examination, culture, PCR

Question 29

How to treat candidiasis

Answer 29

Manage underlying immunosuppressive disorder and initiate antifungal therapy but resistance is a problem

Question 30

Malassezia pachydermatis is what

Answer 30

A yeast, no hyphae formation

Question 31

Malassezia pachydermatis transmission

Answer 31

Endogenous, normal flora

Question 32

Malassezia pachydermatis pathogenesis

Answer 32

Alteration in the skin microclimate ex. Moisture, excessive sebum production

Question 33

Malassezia pachydermatis Disease

Answer 33

Otitis external or dermatitis (folded skin)

Question 34

Malassezia pachydermatis Diagnosis

Answer 34

Peanut shaped organisms via cytology or culture

Question 35

Malassezia pachydermatis Treatment

Answer 35

Antifungals

Question 36

Sporothrix schenckii complex is what type of fungus

Answer 36

Dimorphic- mold form in soil or media and yeast in hosts

Question 37

Sporothrix schenckii complex Is seen where

Answer 37

In warmer regions on hay, rose thorns, soil

Question 38

Sporothrix schenckii pathogenesis

Answer 38

Implanted into skin via cut and then mold form changes to yeast which are them phagocytosed by macrophages and then the yeast can hitch a ride to the lymph nodes and be spread in lymphatics. Overlying skin may ulcerate

Question 39

Sporothrix schenckii disease and in what

Answer 39

Sporotrichosis- can be in many species but most severe in cats, causes skin ulcers and can disseminate through lymphatics sometimes spreading to lungs or liver

Question 40

Sporotrichosis Diagnosis

Answer 40

Biopsy looking for cigar-shaped yeast

Question 41

Sporotrichosis Treatment

Answer 41

Antifungals and continue treating 1 month after lesions disappear

Question 42

Sporotrichosis Zoonosis?

Answer 42

Yes, wear gloves and wash hands

Question 43

Avian candidiasis affects what and is related to what

Answer 43

young poultry usually as a result stress from poor sanitation or over crowding