describe communication Flashcards
sender /receiver
Initiator(s) and intended receiver(s) of the message
Communication is a simultaneous process (transaction model)
Message
The idea/thought/feeling the sender conveys
Sender does not totally control how the message is or will be interpreted
Encoding/Decoding
Choosing the verbal and nonverbal symbols to use
Attempting to interpret or make sense of the message
Frame of Reference
Individual perspectives and worldviews brought to the interaction
Areas of overlap, or have in common, are starting points for successful interaction
Code
The symbols that carry the message
Verbal and nonverbal
channel
Method of transmitting the coded message
Channel conveys its own message
Feedback
The verbal and visual response to a message
Improves the chances of successful communication
Context
Narrow: time, place, physical, and social environment
Relationships, rules, and roles present in an interaction
Effective communication skills
Make any feedback brief and specific
Pay attention to the receiver’s nonverbal reactions
Don’t assume you are understood. Follow-up!
Use paraphrasing to verify meaning
Communication principles
Communication is a simultaneous process
Communication is complex and difficult
Communication is both intentional and unintentional
Communication is irreversible
Communication is affected by rules and norms
Takeaways
Communicators recognize that individuals have unique frames of reference that overlap
Communicators aim to send congruent, non-conflicting messages
Communicators use feedback to indicate how messages are received
Communicators do their best to control the context
High context:
Meaning is based less on the words spoken and more on the communication context
Meanings are not directly spelled out but are implied
It is the responsibility of the receiver to determine the intended meaning
Low context
Understanding comes more from the literal meaning of spoken words than context
Listeners expect the speaker to be responsible for meaning
Messages are explicit and well organized
Communication and gender
Sex: biological
Gender: social role (culture) and personal identity (psychological
Expressive style: quality of experience, relationship harmony
Instrumental style: to accomplish a goal, problem-solving
