Describe the diseases related to transfusions

Question 1

once a donor passes the medical screen, what happens?

Answer 1

required serologic testing is performed

Question 2

what is used to detect non-a and non-b hepatitis?

Answer 2

Alanine aminotransferase

Question 3

how long do symptoms last for Hepatitis A?

Answer 3

symptoms last <2 months but some may persist up to 6 months

Question 4

how is hepatitis a diagnosed?

Answer 4

it is shed in the feces during the incubation period of 28 days

Question 5

how is HBsAg is used to diagnosed Hep B?

Answer 5

it’s on the outer edge edge of the envelope of the virus. it is detectable in 2-12 weeks after exposure. undetectable in 12-20 weeks after HBsAg production

Question 6

what does HBeAg do?

Answer 6

disappears before HBsAg in recovering patients. (convalescence)

Question 7

what prevents the transmission the Hepatitis B?

Answer 7

heat transmission

Question 8

how is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 8

needle stick, hemodialysis, human bite, transplant, transfusion, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, sexual intercourse, contact with infected toothbrush or razor, or perinatally

Question 9

how is Hepatitis C diagnosed?

Answer 9

recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) and Nucleic Acid testing (NAT) are confirmatory tests

Question 10

what is found only found in patients with Hepatitis D?

Answer 10

a defective single stranded RNA virus

Question 11

what does AIDS stand for?

Answer 11

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Question 12

asymptomatic or mild, chronic lymphadenopathy HIV is similar to what disease?

Answer 12

infectious mononucleosis

Question 13

when is a patient classified as having clinical aids?

Answer 13

when the CD4 count is less than 200/ul

Question 14

HIV enter the cells by binding the virus glycoprotein 120 with cell surface receptors, what cells possess these receptors?

Answer 14

CD4+ lymphocytes, macrophages, and other antigen presenting cells

Question 15

what is used for qualitative detection of HIV 1 and HIV 2?

Answer 15

EIA

Question 16

what is detected from the acute phase of AIDS?

Answer 16

Anti-p24 and Anti-gp41

Question 17

What is Human T Cell Lymphotropic Viruses considered?

Answer 17

RNA retroviruses

Question 18

What is Human T Cell Lymphotropic virus’s associated with?

Answer 18

adult t cell lymphoma/ leukemia (ATL)

Question 19

What is west nile virus capable of and what can it cause?

Answer 19

it can cross the blood brain barrier and cause encephalitis, meningitis, and meningoencephalitis

Question 21

How is west nile virus transmitted?

Answer 21

mosquitoes feed off infected birds and then bite humans

Question 22

what is the treatment for west nile virus?

Answer 22

no licensed treatment. only supportive therapy.

Question 23

who is at most risk of a cytomegalovirus infection?

Answer 23

fetuses and individuals receiving allergenic marrow transplants

Question 24

what’s another name for the Epstein barr virus?

Answer 24

the kissing disease

Question 25

how is EBV transmitted?

Answer 25

through saliva

Question 26

what is EBV associated with and what can it cause?

Answer 26

it is associated with infectious mononucleosis and can cause it in 30 to 50 percent of patients

Question 27

when does the viremic stage of Human B19 Parvovirus occur?

Answer 27

shortly after infection

Question 28

what is B19 virus also known as?

Answer 28

fifth disease or slapped cheek syndrome

Question 29

what complications can come from Babesia?

Answer 29

renal failure, DIC, and respiratory distress syndrome. increased risk for elderly, asplenic and immunocompromised patients

Question 30

what symptoms occur in the chronic phase of trypanosoma cruzi?

Answer 30

anemia, weakness, chills, intermittent fever, edema, lymphadenopathy, myocarditis, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 31

what are the symptoms associated with malaria?

Answer 31

fever, chills, headache, anemia, hemolysis, and splenomegaly

Question 32

what is malaria transmitted?

Answer 32

anopheles mosquito

Question 33

how long are donors deferred if the have had malaria or have migrated or live in a epidemic area?

Answer 33

3 years

Question 34

what disease is one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies?

Answer 34

Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease

Question 35

how would you classify CJD?

Answer 35

sporadic, inherited, and iatrogenic. sporadic being most common form (85 to 90 percent)