Describe this aspect of the human body. Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
Zygomaticus Major (Muscular System)
A
Raises corner of mouth.
2
Q
Obicularis Oris (Muscular System)
A
Narrows mouth and purses lips.
3
Q
Sternocleidomastoid (Muscular System)
A
Tilts and twists neck.
4
Q
Trapezius (Muscular System)
A
Rotates and retracts scapula.
5
Q
Deltoid (Muscular System)
A
Raises arm away from body to front, side, and rear.
6
Q
Pectoralis Major (Muscular System)
A
Draws arm toward body; rotates upper arm inward.
7
Q
Biceps Brachii (Muscular System)
A
Flexes forearm at elbow.
8
Q
Medial Head of Triceps (Muscular System)
A
Extends arm at elbow.
9
Q
External Oblique (Muscular System)
A
Flexes and rotates trunk.
10
Q
Tensor Fasciae Latae (Muscular System)
A
Helps to keep knee straight.
11
Q
Sartorius (Muscular System)
A
Flexes thigh at hip and leg at knee joint; turns thigh outward.
12
Q
Rectus Femoris (Muscular System)
A
Flexes thigh at hip and with other quadriceps muscles, extends knee.
13
Q
Vastus Lateralis (Muscular System)
A
Aids knee extension.
14
Q
Tibialis Anterior (Muscular System)
A
Dorsiflexor and invertor of foot; supports arch of foot.
15
Q
Gastrocnemius (Muscular System)
A
Plantar flexor of foot.
16
Q
Soleus (Muscular System)
A
Plantar flexor of foot; aids forward propulsion.
17
Q
Extensor Hallucis Longus (Muscular System)
A
Extends big top and dorsiflexes foot.
18
Q
Occipitofrontalis (Muscular System)
A
Raises eyebrow.
19
Q
Obicularis Oculi (Muscular System)
A
Closes eye.
20
Q
Scalenus Anterior (Muscular System)
A
Aids breathing and neck flexion.
21
Q
Pectoralis Minor (Muscular System)
A
Moves scapula forward.
22
Q
External Intercostal (Muscular System)
A
Muscle of respiration.
23
Q
Internal Intercostal (Muscular System)
A
Muscle of respiration.
24
Q
Internal Oblique (Muscular System)
A
Flexes and rotates trunk.
25
Linea Alba (Muscular System)
Tendinous structure dividing left and right anterior abdominal muscles.
26
Illiopsoas (Muscular System)
Flexes thigh on pelvis at hip.
27
Pectineus (Muscular System)
Flexes and adducts thigh on pelvis at hip.
28
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Muscular System)
Pulls thumb in towards palm.
29
Adductor Brevis (Muscular System)
Rotates and draws thigh in toward body.
30
Adductor Longus (Muscular System)
Rotates and draws thigh in toward body.
31
Fibularis Brevis (Muscular System)
Flexes foot downward, turns it outward.
32
Fibularis Longus (Muscular System)
Flexes foot downward, turns it outward.
33
Extensor Digitorum Longus (Muscular System)
Extends outer toes; helps to flex foot upward.
34
Extensor Hallucis Brevis (Muscular System)
Aids extension of middle three toes.
35
Abductor Hallucis (Muscular System)
Flexes big toe and moves it away from other toes.
36
Semispinalis Capitis (Muscular System)
Extends head and neck, and flexes them from side to side.
37
Splenius Capitis (Muscular System)
Moves head and twists neck.
38
Splenius Cervicis (Muscular System)
Rotates upper vertebre.
39
Levator Scapulae (Muscular System)
Lifts and twists shoulder.
40
Supraspinatus (Muscular System)
Raises arm and stabilizes shoulder.
41
Teres Minor (Muscular System)
Lifts and twists arm, stabilizes shoulder.
42
Infraspinatus (Muscular System)
Rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder.
43
Teres Major (Muscular System)
Lifts and twists arm, stabilizes shoulder.
44
Serratus Anterior (Muscular System)
Rotates and protracts scapula.
45
Erector Spinae (Muscular System)
Elevates and straightens vertebral column.
46
Internal Oblique Abdominal (Muscular System)
Supports abdominal wall; assists forced breathing; aids raising of intra-abdominal pressure; aids flexion and rotation of trunk.
47
Gluteus Maximus (Muscular System)
Raises thigh away from body at hip; rotates thigh; tilts pelvis when walking.
48
Quadratus Femoris (Muscular System)
Rotates and stabilizes hip.
49
Vastus Lateralis (Muscular System)
Extends and stabilizes hip.
50
Adductor Magnus (Muscular System)
Extends thigh on pelvis at hip.
51
Gracilis (Muscular System)
Moves thigh towards body; flexes and rotates thigh.
52
Popliteus (Muscular System)
Flexes and turns leg to unlock extended knee.
53
Tibialis Posterior (Muscular System)
Main muscle in turning sole of foot inward (inversion).
54
Rhomboid Minor (Muscular System)
Aids retraction of scapula.
55
Rhomboid Major (Muscular System)
Aids retraction of scapula.
56
Trapezius (Muscular System)
Rotates, elevates, and retracts scapula.
57
Deltoid (Muscular System)
Raises arm to front, rear, and side.
58
Latissimus Dorsi (Muscular System)
Extends, rotates, and lowers arm; pulls shoulder back.
59
Long Head of Triceps (Muscular System)
Extends (straightens) elbow.
60
Lateral Head of Triceps (Muscular System)
Extends (straightens) elbow.
61
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (Muscular System)
Helps to extend wrist.
62
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (Muscular System)
Helps to flex wrist.
63
Extensor Digitorum (Muscular System)
Extends all finger joints.
64
Gluteus Maximus (Muscular System)
Straightens hip.
65
Biceps Femoris (Muscular System)
Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; rotates leg.
66
Semitendinosus (Muscular System)
Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; rotates leg on thigh at knee.
67
Semimembranosus (Muscular System)
Extends thigh at hip; flexes knee; rotates leg on thigh at knee.
68
Gastrocnemius (Muscular System)
Plantar flexor of foot; flexes knee.
69
Cervical Spinal Nerves (Nervous System)
Emerge from spinal cord in neck to supply neck and arm.
70
Brachial Plexus (Nervous System)
Network of anterior branches of lower cervical spinal nerves, together with first thoracic spinal nerve; provides nerves to supply arm, forearm, and hand.
71
Intercostal Nerve (Nervous System)
Anterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves travel forward between ribs as intercostal nerves to supply muscles and skin of thorax.
72
Median Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies most of muscles in front of forearm, and also some in hand.
73
Lumbar Plexus (Nervous System)
Network of anterior branches of lumbar spinal nerves; provides nerves to supply leg.
74
Femoral Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies sensation over thigh and inner leg, and muscles in front of thigh, including quadriceps.
75
Sacral Plexus (Nervous System)
Network of anterior branches of sacral spinal nerves; provides nerves to buttocks, thigh, and calf and foot.
76
Common (Peroneal) Nerve (Nervous System)
Branch of sciatic nerve supplying front and outer side of lower leg.
77
Cranial Nerves (Nervous System)
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves supply muscles and sensation in head and neck.
78
Musculocutaneous Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies muscles in front of upper arm, including biceps, as well as sensation to skin of lateral side of forearm.
79
Axillary Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies muscles and sensation around shoulder.
80
Radial Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies muscles and sensation on back of arm, forearm, and hand.
81
Cauda Equina (Nervous System)
Lumbar and sacral nerve roots descending from end of spinal cord, occupying lower vertebral canal.
82
Ulnar Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies two forearm muscles and many small muscles in hand.
83
Sciatic Nerve (Nervous System)
Largest nerve in body, supplying hamstrings; its branches supply muscles and sensation in lower leg and foot.
84
Obturator Nerve (Nervous System)
Supplies muscles and skin of inner thigh.
85
Tibial Nerve (Nervous System)
Largest branch of sciatic nerve, supplying calf and foot.
86
Epiglottis (Respiratory System)
Cartilage flap that tilts over entrance to larynx during swallowing to prevent passage of food and fluids into trachea.
87
Larynx (Respiratory System)
Short, cartilaginous tube joining laryngopharynx with trachea.
88
Trachea (Respiratory System)
Fibromuscular tube held open by C-shaped rings of cartilage.
89
Lung (Respiratory System)
Concavity on inner surface accommodates heart.
90
Visceral Pleura (Respiratory System)
Membrane covering surface of lungs.
91
Nasal Cavity (Respiratory System)
Air is warmed, cleaned, and moistened as it passes over the richly vascular lining of the cavity before entering the nasopharynx.
92
Pharynx (Respiratory System)
Connects nasal cavity to larynx.
93
Parietal Pleura (Respiratory System)
Membrane lining inner surface of chest wall.
94
Diaphragm (Respiratory System)
Main muscle of respiration, which flattens as it contracts, increasing volume of thorax and producing a drop in pressure inside lungs, drawing in air.
95
Pleural Cavity (Respiratory System)
Space between parietal and visceral layers of pleura, containing a thin film of pleural fluid that lubricates lungs.
96
Internal Carotid Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies blood to brain.
97
External Carotid Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies neck and tissues of head outside skull.
98
Common Carotid Artery. (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Divides in neck to form external and internal carotid arteries.
99
Brachiocephalic Vein. (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Formed by union of internal jugular and carotid arteries.
100
Superior Vena Cava. (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Large vein formed by joining of both brachiocephalic veins; returns blood from head, arms, and chest wall to heart.
101
Descending Aorta (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Leading from aortic arch, runs down through thorax and into abdomen.
102
Renal Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Carries blood to kidneys.
103
Renal Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Drains blood from kidneys.
104
Basilic Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Superficial vein draining medial side of arm, forearm, and hand.
105
Superior Mesenteric Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Branch of abdominal aorta, supplying small intestine and part of large intestine.
106
Inferior Vena Cava (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Large vein draining blood from lower body and returning it to the heart.
107
Internal Iliac Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies organs within pelvis.
108
Internal Iliac Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Drains blood from pelvic organs.
109
Fibular Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies muscles in side of lower leg.
110
Posterior Tibial Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Runs with posterior tibial artery, draining deep tissues in calf.
111
Anterior Tibial Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Runs with anterior tibial artery, draining deep tissues in shin.
112
Artery of Dorsum of Foot (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Continuation of anterior tibial artery.
113
Internal Jugular Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Drains blood from brain, face, and neck.
114
Extended Jugular Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Drains blood from face and scalp.
115
Subclavian Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Main artery supplying blood to arm, forearm, and hand.
116
Subclavian Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Main vein draining blood from arm, forearm and hand.
117
Cephalic Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Superficial vein lying in subcutaneous tissue; drains lateral side of arm, forearm and hand.
118
Brachial Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Continuation of axillary artery, in upper arm.
119
Ulnar Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Branches from brachial artery to supply outer side of forearm and hand.
120
Radial Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Branches from brachial artery to supply outer side of forearm and hand.
121
External Iliac Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Main artery supplying thigh, leg, and foot.
122
External Iliac Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Main vein returning blood to heart from thigh, leg and foot.
123
Common Iliac Arteries (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Pair of arteries formed by division of the aorta.
124
Common Iliac Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Unites with vein on other side to form inferior vena cava.
125
Anterior TIbial Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies muscles in font of tibia and fibula.
126
Small Saphenous Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Superficial vein draining into popliteal vein at back of knee.
127
Great Saphenous Vein (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Long superficial vein of thigh and leg, ending in femoral vein.
128
Posterior Tibial Artery (Circulatory OR Cardiovascular System)
Supplies calf and sole of foot.
129
Right Subclavian Vein (Lymphatic System)
Point at which lymph from right arm and right side of head and thorax enters bloodstream.
130
Axillary Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Drain lymph from arm, breast, wall of thorax, and upper abdomen.
131
Supratrochlear Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Collect lymph from hand and forearm.
132
Thoracic Duct (Lymphatic System)
Collects lymph from both legs, abdomen, left arm, and left sides of head and thorax.
133
Cisterna Chyli (Lymphatic System)
Enlarged lymph vessel formed from vessels converging from legs and lower body; narrows into thoracic duct.
134
Inguinal Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Drain lymph from legs, lower abdominal wall and external genitals.
135
External Iliac Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Drain anterior abdominal wall below umbilicus, external genitalia, prostate, urethra, bladder, and medial aspect of thigh.
136
Popliteal Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Sited behind knees; drain lymph from lower leg and foot.
137
Left Subclavian Vein (Lymphatic System)
Point at which lymph from thoracic duct enters bloodstream.
138
Spleen (Lymphatic System)
Largest organ in lymphatic system; contains lymphocytes and filters blood.
139
Pre-aortic & Para-aortic Nodes (Lymphatic System)
Pre-aortic nodes lie on aorta in abdomen and drain lymph from gut and digestive organs into lumbar lymph trunk on each side. Para-aortic nodes lie on each side of aorta and drain lymph from legs and posterior wall of abdomen.
140
Lymphatics (Lymphatic System)
Valved vessels that transport lymph fluid around body.
141
Parotid Gland (Digestive System)
Largest salivary gland.
142
Sublingual Gland (Digestive System)
A salivary gland.
143
Submandibular Gland (Digestive System)
A salivary gland.
144
Esophagus (Digestive System)
Muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach.
145
Liver (Digestive System)
Produces bile and receives nutrients absorbed from gut.
146
Gallbladder (Digestive System)
Stores bile for release into small intestine.
147
Pancreas (Digestive System)
Produces hormones (including insulin) and secretes digestive enzymes into small intestines.
148
Appendix (Digestive System)
Dead-end tube attached to first part of large intestine, with no significant function in humans.
149
Anal Canal (Digestive System)
Carries feces from rectum to anus for expulsion from body.
150
Epiglottis (Digestive System)
Cartilage flap that covers larynx when swallowing.
151
Pharynx (Digestive System)
Connects mouth to esophagus.
152
Stomach (Digestive System)
Expandable, muscular bag; secretes digestive juices and hydrochloric acid, which destroys harmful bacteria.
153
Large Intestine (Digestive System)
Comprising cecum and colon, absorbs water from digested food.
154
Small Intestine (Digestive System)
Major site of digestion and nutrient absorption, comprising duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
155
Rectum (Digestive System)
Holding station for feces.
156
Pineal Gland (Endocrine System)
Produces a number of hormones, including melatonin, which is important in the sleep-wake cycle.
157
Hypothalamus (Endocrine System)
Cluster of nerve cells that serves as main link between nerves and hormones; produces regulatory hormones that travel to the pituitary.
158
Pituitary Gland (Endocrine System)
Controls many endocrine glands.
159
Parathyroid Glands (Endocrine System)
Four pea-sized glans at the back of thyroid gland help to regulate calcium levels in the body.
160
Thyroid Gland (Endocrine System)
Controls metabolic rate, including maintenance of body weight, energy use, and heart rate; unlike other endocrine glands, can store its hormones.
161
Suprarenal (Adrenal) Gland (Endocrine System)
Produces adrenaline.
162
Pancreas (Endocrine System)
Contains cells that produce insulin and glucagon, which control glucose metabolism.
163
Testis (Endocrine System)
Produces androgens (male sex hormones), including testosterone.
164
Right Kidney (Urinary System)
Sits slightly lower than the left kidney, under the liver.
165
Renal Veins (Urinary System)
Drains into the inferior vena cava.
166
Prostate Gland (Urinary System)
Surrounds the first part of the male urethra.
167
Urethra (Urinary System)
About 8 in (20 cm) long in males.
168
Left Kidney (Urinary System)
Lies behind the stomach and spleen.
169
Renal Arteries (Urinary System)
Branches from the abdominal aorta.
170
Fallopian Tube (Reproductive System)
Collects eggs produced at ovulation and transports them to uterus, and is normal site of fertilization.
171
Fondus of Uterus (Reproductive System)
Lies toward front of forward-angles uterus, at furthest point from opening.
172
Cervix (Reproductive System)
Neck of uterus, projecting down into vagina.
173
Vagina (Reproductive System)
Flexible muscular tube that expands to accommodate male penis and to allow passage of fetus during childbirth.
174
Lactiferous Duct (Reproductive System)
Conveys milk from breast lobe to nipple.
175
Nipple (Reproductive System)
Extends from centre of breast and contains lactiferous duct openings.
176
Secretory Lobule (Reproductive System)
One of several small compartments within each breast lobe; composed of grapelike clusters of milk-secreting glands (alveoli).
177
Fimbriae (Reproductive System)
Fingerlike projections forming a feathery end to each fallopian tube.
178
Ovary (Reproductive System)
Female gonad, lying deep within pelvis.
179
Vas Deferens (Reproductive System)
Carries sperm from testies to urethra.
180
Seminal Vesicle (Reproductive System)
Contributes fluid to semen.
181
Prostate Gland (Reproductive System)
Accessory gland at base of bladder; contributes some fluid to semen.
182
Shaft of Penis (Reproductive System)
Consists of erectile tissue that engorges with blood during erection.
183
Urethra (Reproductive System)
Conveys sperm and urine though penis.
184
Epididymis (Reproductive System)
Coiled tube on back of testis where sperm are stored and mature.
185
Glans Penis (Reproductive System)
Sensitive enlarged end of penis.
186
Testis (Reproductive System)
Male gonad; hangs outside body in scrotum.
187
Scrotum (Reproductive System)
Pouch of skin and muscle encasing testes.
