describing biodiversity - classification

Question 1

classification systems

Answer 1

provide methods of sorting, so similar or related organism are grouped together. classification is hierarchical. classification is important to identify & organise information about organisms, assist in identification of invasive species, describing biodiversity in ecosystems, and creates universal scientific communication between scientists

Question 2

hierarchy of classification

Answer 2

domain => kingdom => phylum => class => order => family => genus => species

Question 3

binomial name

Answer 3

scientific name, first with a genus second with a species. e.g. “Homo sapiens” underlined/italicised

Question 4

eukarya

Answer 4

eukaryotes - contains DNA, nucleus & membrane bound

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

archaea & bacteria, no nucleus or membrane bound organisms

Question 6

structural characteristics

Answer 6

how similar species are based off physical characteristics (morphology)

Question 7

methods of reproduction

Answer 7

considered variable (e.g. asexually sexually)

Question 8

molecular sequences

Answer 8

can reveal subspecies of animals, used to distinguish and classify

Question 9

porifera

Answer 9

-asymmetrical (no definite symmetry)
-multicellular body, few tissues & no organs
-cells & tissues surround a water-filled space but there is no true body cavity
-all are sessile (as an adult, live attached to something)
-reproduce asexually or sexually

Question 10

cnidaria

Answer 10

-radically symmetrical (body plan is circular with structures that radiate out)
-gastrovascular cavity with single opening that serves as both mouth and anus
-reproduce sexually & asexually
-simple, net-like nervous system
-live in aquatic environments, mostly marine

Question 11

mollusca

Answer 11

-bilaterally symmetrical
-body without cavity
-body has thorough gut (with mouth and anus)
-uses muscular foot for locomotion
-open circulatory system with heart and aorta

Question 12

platyhelminthes

Answer 12

-bilaterally symmetrical (left & right halves of body are mirror images)
-gastrovascular cavity with single opening that serves both as mouth and anus
-body has three layers of tissues, with organs
-body without cavity
-body has blind gut (mouth but no anus)
-flattened body shape

Question 13

amelida

Answer 13

-bilaterally symmetrical
-body has more than two cell layers, tissues & organs
-body cavity, nervous system & closed circulatory system
-body has thorough gut (with mouth & anus)

Question 14

nemaroda

Answer 14

-bilaterally symmetrical
-cylindrical morphology
-body covered by tough cuticle (of collagen and chitin)
-alimentary canal (digestive system) with mouth & anus, but no circulatory system
-found in most aquatic habitats, soil, moist tissues of plants, and body fluids & tissues of animals

Question 15

arthropods

Answer 15

-usually bilaterally symmetrical
-segmented
-hard exoskeleton (external, skeletal of protein and chitin)
-must have through gut (with mouth & anus)
-jointed appendages (body parts attached to main trunk such as arms, legs, wings); has 3-400 pairs of jointed legs

Question 16

echinodermata

Answer 16

-five rayed symmetry, mostly radial, sometimes bilateral
-body has more than two cell layers, tissues & organs
-thin epidermis covering and endoskeleton; most species prickly due to skeletal bumps & spines
-most have short, through gut with mouth and anus
-body shape highly variable, but with no head

Question 17

chordate

Answer 17

-90% are vertebrates (have backbones) with two invertebrate groups
-have the following features during development, possibly as embryo), pharyngeal slits, dorsal nerve, notochord, post anal tail

Question 18

vertebrates - five main classes

Answer 18

-fish: scales made of bony pilates, gills
-amphibian: moist skin, skin permeable to gases, gills during larval stages, lungs as adults
-reptilia: scales made of keratin, lungs with excessive folding
-birds: feathers made of keratin, lungs with bronchian tubes
mammals: skin with follicles which produce hair or fur made out of keratin, lungs with alveoli

Question 19

mammel subclasses

Answer 19

-monotreme (lays eggs)
-marsupials (nurtured within pouch as a fetus)
-placental (embryonic fetal organ)

Question 20

bryophytes

Answer 20

non-vascular land plants (mosses)

Question 21

pteridophytes

Answer 21

seedless vascular plants (ferns)

Question 22

gymnosperms

Answer 22

pollen & naked seeds (cones/coneifers)

Question 23

angiosperms

Answer 23

flowers & fruits (flowers/flowering plants)

Question 24

monocots

Answer 24

-one cotyledon
-veins usually parallel
-vascular bundles usually have complex arrangement
-fibrous root system
-floral parts usually in multiples of three

Question 25

dicots

Answer 25

-two cotyledons -veins usually reticulate -vascular bundles are usually arranged in a ring -taproot usually present -floral parts usually in multiples of four or five

Question 26

division of plant kingdom

Answer 26

due to them being eukaryotic, they are divided into two main groups depending on whether or not they contain vascular tissue