describing sounds (manner and place of articulation)

Question 1

bilabial

Answer 1

Both lips are pressed together

Question 2

labiodental

Answer 2

top teeth are pressed against lower lip

Question 3

interdental

Answer 3

the tongue is placed between the teeth

Question 4

alveolar

Answer 4

the tip of the tongue is place on the alveolar ridge

Question 5

palatal

Answer 5

the tip and/or middle/blade of the tongue is placed on the palate

Question 6

velar

Answer 6

the back of the tongue is placed against the velum/soft palate

Question 7

glottal

Answer 7

air flows through open glottis all the way through to open teeth and lips, or the glottis is closed by the tightly closed vocal cords and the airflow is stopped completely

Question 8

bilabial egs

Answer 8

[p], [b], [m] (the glide [w] is labio-
velar)

Question 9

labiodental egs

Answer 9

[f], [v]

Question 10

interdental egs

Answer 10

[θ], [ð]

Question 11

alveolar egs

Answer 11

[t], [d], [n], [s], [z], [l], [ɹ], [r]

Question 12

palatal egs

Answer 12

[ʃ], [ʒ], [tʃ], [dʒ] (the glide [j] is palatal)

Question 13

velar egs

Answer 13

[k], [g], [ŋ], [x] (the glide [w] is labio-velar)

Question 14

uvular egs

Answer 14

[R]

Question 15

glottal egs

Answer 15

[h] [ʔ]

Question 16

voiced

Answer 16

vocal cords vibrate to produce sound

Question 17

nasal

Answer 17

airstream through the oral cavity is blocked and forced through the nasal cavity

Question 18

stop

Answer 18

airstream is completely blocked in the oral cavity for a moment (thus, nasel sounds also qualify)

Question 19

fricative

Answer 19

sirstream is severely obstructed, causing friction

Question 20

affricate

Answer 20

a stop followed by a slow release of air

Question 21

liquid

Answer 21

airstream somewhat obstructed, but not enough to cause friction

Question 22

glide

Answer 22

little obstruction in airstream; always followed by a vowel, sometimes called “semi-vowels”

Question 23

voiced egs

Answer 23

[d], [b], [g], etc. (vs. voiceless [t],
[p], [k] ) / (teenoor stemlose [t], [p], [k] )

Question 24

nasal egs

Answer 24

[n], [m], [ŋ]

Question 25

stops egs

Answer 25

[p], [b], [m], [t], [d], [n], [tʃ], [dʒ], [k], [g], [ŋ], [Ɂ]

Question 26

fricatives egs

Answer 26

[f], [v], [θ], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ], [x], [h]

Question 27

affricates egs

Answer 27

[tʃ], [dʒ]

Question 28

liquids egs

Answer 28

[l] = lateral liquid, [ɹ] = central liquid, [r] = trill

Question 29

glides

Answer 29

[j] = palatal glide, [w] = labio-velar glide

Question 30

tongue positions for vowels

Answer 30

high/low, front/back

Question 31

lip shape for vowels

Answer 31

spread/rounded

Question 32

front vowels egs

Answer 32

[i], [y], [I], [ɛ], [æ]

Question 33

central vowels egs

Answer 33

[ə]

Question 34

back vowels egs

Answer 34

[u], [ʊ], [˄], [ɔ], [a], [ɒ]

Question 35

high vowels egs

Answer 35

[i], [y], [I], [u], [ʊ]

Question 36

mid vowels egs

Answer 36

[ə]

Question 37

low vowels egs

Answer 37

[ɛ], [æ], [˄], [ɔ], [a], [ɒ]

Question 38

sonorant

Answer 38

loud, "singable" sound. Always voiced. Includes vowels, glides, nasals and liquids

Question 39

obstruent

Answer 39

non-sonorant. non-"singable"; contains less "sound". Inculdes all non-nasal sounds, fricatives and affricates

Question 40

continuant

Answer 40

non-stop sounds. Continuous airflow through the mouth. Includes all speech sounds except stops (including nasal stops) and affricates

Question 41

stop

Answer 41

sounds in which the airstream is briefly but completely stopped in the oral cavity (thus, includes nasal consonants and also affricates)