Descriptive Epi

Question 1

passive surveillance

Answer 1

relies on healthcare system to follow regulations on required reportable diseases/conditions, public health system waits for reports to come in, in order to track diseases.

Question 2

active surveillance

Answer 2

public health officials go into communities to search for new disease/condition cases

Question 3

syndromic surveillance

Answer 3

a system that looks for pre-defined signs/symptoms of patients related to trackable but rare diseases/conditions

Question 4

case definitions

Answer 4

a set of uniform criteria used to define a disease/condition for public health surveillance. enables public health to classify and count cases consistently.

Question 5

council of state and and territorial epidemiologists, national notifiable disease surveillance system

Answer 5

CSTE, recommends reporting cases of selected diseases to the CDC’s NNDSS

Question 6

epidemic

Answer 6

KC, occurrence of disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy. and increase above normal compared to a baseline.

Question 7

outbreak

Answer 7

on campus, an epidemic limited to a localized increase in the occurrence of disease.

Question 8

endemic

Answer 8

the constant presence of a disease within a given area or population in excess of normal levels in other areas. this will be their normal, but higher than everyone else.

Question 9

emergency of international concern

Answer 9

pre-alert, an epidemic that alerts the world to the need for high vigilance.

Question 10

pandemic

Answer 10

global, an epidemic spread worldwide

Question 11

epidemic curve

Answer 11

a graphical, time based depiction generated during and outbreak/epidemic reflecting the number of cases by date. shows who, when and where. it visually depicts magnitude, timing and pattern of disease.

Question 12

proportions

Answer 12

simple percentage, part-over-whole. division of two related numbers.

Question 13

ratios

Answer 13

division of 3 unrelated numbers.

Question 14

rates

Answer 14

a proportion with time is incorporated into the denominator

Question 15

3 key factors in comparing measures of disease frequency between groups

Answer 15

1. # of people affected/impacted
2. size of the source of population or those at risk
3. length of time the population is followed

Question 16

incidence

Answer 16

new cases of disease, every new case of disease gets Included in the group

Question 17

prevalence

Answer 17

existing cases of disease + new cases of disease, factors in PREvious case but adds to it all the new

Question 18

incidence

Answer 18

of new cases of illness/# of people at risk of illness

ONLY those that are at risk, must subtract out those who are immune or already have the illness

Question 19

incidence rate

Answer 19

of new cases of disease/person-time at risk for the disease

Question 20

prevalence

Answer 20

of existing cases of a disease/# of persons in a population

Question 21

point prevalence

Answer 21

prevalence at a given point in time, all old, new and existing cases are factored

Question 22

period prevalence

Answer 22

most common, prevalence over a given period of time

Question 23

crude morbidity rate

Answer 23

of persons with disease/ # of persons in population

Question 24

crude mortality rate

Answer 24

of deaths (all causes)/ # of persons in population

Question 25

cause specific mortality rate

Answer 25

of cause specific deaths (car accident, heart attack)/ # of persons in populations

Question 26

cause specific morbidity rate

Answer 26

of persons with cause specific disease (cancer, lung disease)/ # of people in population

Question 27

case fatality rate

Answer 27

of cause specific deaths/ # of cases of disease

Question 28

cause specific surveil rate

Answer 28

of cause specific cases alive/ # of cases of disease

Question 29

proportional mortality rate (PMR)

Answer 29

of cause specific deaths/ total # of deaths in population

Question 30

live birth rate

Answer 30

of live births/ 1000 population

Question 31

fertility rate

Answer 31

of live births/ 1000 women of childbearing years (15-44)

Question 32

neonatal mortality rate

Answer 32

of deaths in those <28days/ 1000 live births

Question 33

postnatal mortality rate

Answer 33

of deaths in those >28 days but <1 year/ 1000 live births

Question 34

infant mortality rate

Answer 34

of deaths in those <1 year/ 1000 live births

Question 35

maternal mortality rate

Answer 35

of female deaths related to pregnancy/ 100,000 live births

Question 36

infectivity

Answer 36

``` ability of an organism to invade a pt. # of infected/# of susceptible ```

Question 37

pathogenicity

Answer 37

``` ability to cause clinical disease # with clinical disease/ # infected ```

Question 38

virulence

Answer 38

``` ability to cause death # of deaths/# with infectious disease ```