Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Joes APC > Design Economics & Cost Planning > Flashcards

Design Economics & Cost Planning Flashcards

Design Economics &Cost Planning

1
Q

1. Can you advise on what NRM1 is used for?

A

a. Order of Cost Estimating and Planning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. What is NRM2 and 3 used for?
A

a. 2 - Detailed Measurement of Building Works
b. 3 – Order of Cost Estimating and Planning for Building Maintenance Works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. When is a cost plan and order of cost estimate produced in relation to the RIBA stages?
A

a. Order of cost estimate – RIBA 0 – 1
b. Formal Cost Plan 1 – RIBA 2
c. Formal Cost Plan 2 – RIBA 3
d. Formal Cost Plan 3 – RIBA 4
e. PTE – RIBA 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. What are the elements of NRM1?
A
  1. Facilitating works - Waste removal / Demo / Temporary supports / Specialist groundworks / Temporary diversions / Investigation works
  2. Substructure
  3. Superstructure
    a. Frame
    b. Upper floors
    c. Roof
    d. Stairs and ramps
    e. External walls
    f. Windows and external doors
    g. Internal walls and partitions
    h. Internal doors
  4. Internal finishes
    a. Wall finishes
    b. Floor finishes
    c. Ceiling finishes
  5. Fittings furnishings and equipment
  6. Services - Sanitary Installations / Services equipment / Disposal installations / Water installations / Heat source / Heating and air conditioning / Ventilation systems / Electrical installations / Fuel installations / Lift and conveyor installations / Fire and lightning protection / Comms and security / Specialist installations / BWIC
  7. Prefabricated buildings
  8. Work to existing buildings - Minor demo and alterations / Repairs to existing services / Damp proof courses / Façade retention / Cleaning surfaces / Renovation works
  9. External works – site prep / roads paths paving’s / landscaping / fencing / external fixtures / external drainage / external services / minor building works
  10. Main Contractors Preliminaries
  11. Main Contractors overheads and profit
  12. Consultants + design team fees
  13. Other project costs – Insurances/planning/relocation costs/marketing
  14. Risk
    a. Design development risk
    b. Construction risk
    c. Employer change risk
    d. Employer other risk
  15. Tender inflation
  16. Construction inflation
  17. VAT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Are there any factors that you would apply to cost data?
A

a. Location factor
b. Time/date factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. Tell me how you apply inflation to a cost plan?
A

a. I would use the BCIS indices to calculate the projected increase in costs from present day to mid-point of construction. Present minus future, divided by future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. What are you current views on inflation in the current construction market?
A

a. There is significant cost increases seen throughout the construction market. This is mainly down to significant global events such as Brexit, war in Palestine, war in Ukraine. This has squeezed supply of critical materials such as steel, copper and aluminium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Why would you only take inflation to mid point of construction?
A

a. Most of the work packages have been let by mid point of construction
b. Halfway through payment milestones and therefore my point materials/subbies have been paid for

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. What are the different RIBA stages?
A

a. SD Strategic Definition
b. PB Preparation and Briefing
c. CD Concept Design
d. SC Spatial Coordination
e. TED Technical Design
f. M&C Manufacturing & Construction
g. H Handover
h. U Use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. What do you understand by the term value engineering?
A

a. This is the process of reducing unwanted or unnecessary costs in a project, by changing the specification or type of sub elements an materials, while not having a detrimental effect on quality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. What is Value Management?
A

a. This is the overall process across a project from inception to completion, where value is added and provided to a project continually by the project team

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. What was the outcome of the value engineering process on Innovation Centre 7? Were you able to reduce costs whilst delivering on the clients requirements?
A

a. I created a VE register for issue to the design team and client. ahead of VE workshops I requested the team put forward VE ideas for client acceptance. I also proposed ideas of focus where I knew the costs were high or unnecessary.
b. VE workshops were held In private with the DT and also with the contractor, to get input into the potential cost of the items, and offer advice on the buildability of them.
c. Overall, a cost reduction was achieved, although some items did increase in price, without affecting the overall quality of design. All accepted changes by the client and DT were integrated into the CSA, and where there wasn’t enough time to price them, as provisional sums. The VE register was also incorporated into the contract documents.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. How does a cost plan differ to an order of cost estimate?
A

a. A cost plan is based on more detailed design information, and I produced from RIBA stage 2 concept design onwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Can you advise how risk % may vary throughout the cost planning process?
A

a. The calculation of the risk should become more accurate with improved design information. At estimating stage risk should be calculated as a % addition to the bottom of the costs, whereas when cost planning, where design information is of suitable level, a risk register should be produced with associated cost of those risks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. What are the stages of order of cost estimating?
A

a. Functional unit Method (rooms)
b. Floor Area Method (GIA)
c. Elemental Method (roof, frame, substructure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What does BCIS stand for, and what is it?
A

a. Building Cost Information Service
b. This is a database of cost data founded by RICS, aiding in providing cost advice for cost planning, benchmarking and estimating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What are the components of a cost plan?
A

a. Construction cost, prelims, OH&P, risk, inflation, assumptions, exclusions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. What is usually excluded
A

a. When producing cost plans such as that on Cromwell lane, I excluded VAT, professional fees, S106 costs, asbestos removal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. What is shell and core Cat A and CAT B fit outs and the differences?
A

a. S&C is just services, whereas CATA includes ceilings, RAF, carpet, and CATB is fully fit out apart from FF&E

20
Q
  1. Can you elaborate on the changes in design on the Tyseley Energy Park and the cost associated with these changes?
A

a. Additional detail was added to the design, this included new openings and a considerable increase in the existing demolition works. The ceiling finishes were changed from painted, to suspended ceiling. This added cost as the materials cost more, and requires specialist installation.

21
Q
  1. How would you do a VE exercise?
A

a. I would first request from designers and client to propose VE ideas, in addition to the contractor if they are on board. I would log all of these proposals in a VE register. This would be circulated to the project team. A workshop would then be set up to run through proposals. An impact assessment of each item would be assessed, In terms of cost, quality and programme impact. This allows the client to select which items are accepted for incorporation into the design and contract.

22
Q
  1. How do you add risk to a cost plan?
A

a. Create an itemised risk register of all risks on a project, and cost these risks, using the worst case cost of the risk times by the probability of it occurring. I would liaise with the design team and client for extra input where additional expertise/knowledge is required.

23
Q
  1. How do you add client directs onto a cost plan, should you be doing this, and do you advise on this?
A

a. I wouldn’t advise on the cost of client directs, but if the client has any that need including yes I include them, under ‘other project costs’ in NRM

24
Q
  1. Talk me through how you would put together a cost plan for a Client?
A
  • Receive the design information and check it, to
  • Assess the level of cost plan that needs producing
  • Measure items and apply below the line items
  • Apply rates
  • Format the report into a presentable format
  • Assumptions and exclusions.
25
Q
  1. What is life cycle costing, and how do you carry one out?
A

a. A technique to evaluate the life cycle costs of a building or element.
b. Carried out by estimating the cost of maintenance of that item, operating costs and end of life costs

26
Q
  1. How do you use historical rates on a cost plan?
A

a. Firstly analyse those rates to see if they can be directly applied, or do they have different caveats or inclusions within that rate. And is it a tendered rate, or contract final account rate.
b. Then I would rebase that rate for date and location, using BCIS indices based on the location difference between the two projects, and the date which the rate was tendered.

27
Q
  1. What advice did you give to the client in relation to proceeding with an inflated price?
A

a. I advised the client of global and micro economic events that have recently occurred, and how these have squeezed supply and demand of construction materials. Along with inflation in the UK and Brexit, costs for labour has increased along with material costs. Companies are facing higher risks also in terms of financial difficulties and risk of insolvency and therefore price in increased risk to projects.
b. I advised the client that although it will require additional fee, I should produce another cost plan

28
Q
  1. Can you elaborate on the logic of the abnormal items that you advised the client of?
A

a. These were items that the client needed to understand the value for as it impacted their calculation of the land value for use in negotiating the price of the land to pay.
b. These items includes things not related to the direct construction of the houses themselves, as these were calculated separately at this stage using sqft. Examples include – carriageways, external drainage and services, off site works, landscaping

29
Q
  1. What is an abnormal and how did you come up with what they are?
A

a. They are extra over items on what would be considered a standard development, which the client needs splitting out to inform the financial viability assessment, in their bid for the land. On Moreton in Marsh, these included things like Cotswold stone facades, special roof tiles, and high specification windows, which are required by the local council. The client provided this list, as I would not have the knowledge information or PI to be able to advise on this list.

30
Q
  1. I am not entirely sure what advice you provide the client on the Southport project? Can you elaborate on this further?
A

a. I firstly advised the client of the reason behind the cost increase and where specifically has been impacted. I then advised the client to re-measure and produce a cost plan. I then advised the client of the new costs by issuing and running through a revised cost plan with them.

31
Q
  1. Rugby S278 - How does adoption of works occur with local councils, what has to happen?
A

a. Road safety audit has to have been completed
b. Has to be completed and signed off by engineer and local highway authority that works are in accordance with adopting authorities specifications

32
Q
  1. Rugby S278 – What are Section Agreements?
A

a. Agreements whereby a private developer makes adaptions to existing highways or makes new connections to highways, and these works are then adopted by local authorities/councils to maintain post construction for the rest of that roads life

33
Q
  1. Why did you not use NRM2 on Rugby S278?
A

a. Scope of services didn’t include for creating a BQ

34
Q
  1. What items did you have to measure on S278 Rugby?
A

a. New carriageway, alterations to existing kerb lines, excavations, breaking our of old road sura=faces, fees, OH&P, prelims, traffic management, kerbs and pavements, utilities infrastructure, surface water drainage and landscaping.

35
Q
  1. On CVS Southport, the same thing happened with the cost plan, why did this happen twice? And why did you not reproduce the cost plan for Havant but you did for this one?
A

a. 3 projects had the same issue simultaneously, the cost plan for this project was produced a little later than Havant
b. Internal client issues
c. On this project we had slightly more time to be able to revise the cost plan, and the budget was able to be adjusted in line with this due to it being part of another region

36
Q
  1. CVS Southport was put on hold, when you revised the cost plan you mentioned you used the BCIS indices to apply the uplift, can you talk me through that process and what other method could you have used to revise the Cost plan?
A

a. I used the tender price indices to rebase the cost plan from the previous estimated time period to the new time period. This was done by using indices at both points in time, and minusing future indices from present indices and divided by present indices to give a % uplift. This was also cross checked against other recent contract rates and in house data to ensure proper calculation, as some rates may not have increased to the same extent as other elements. (this was done on an item-by-item basis, as opposed to a bottom-line calculation)

37
Q
  1. How did you review a third parties cost plan on Bankfield lane?
A

a. Used in house and BCIS and SPONS rates, as well as effectively producing my own ‘cost plan’ to work out the logic behind inclusion of items, such as excavation.

38
Q
  1. What did you advise the client on Bankfield lane?
A

a. The excavation was included by the third party to be completely removed from site and disposed. I made a recommendation to carry out further studies into this and the earthworks model, as some of the waste could be reused and stored on site for other works phases, or if disposed, then sold off on the muck market to make some money back.

39
Q

Can you tell me some examples of exclusions within a cost estimate / cost plan?

A

VAT, Section 106 costs, other client direct costs

40
Q

What happens to the contingency during RIBA stages?

A

It decreases, as design is developed so risk is designed out.

41
Q

What is the difference between GEA, NIA and GIA?

A

GEA is measured externally at each floor level. GIA is measured to the internal perimeter face of a building including all projections. NIA is the net internal area of lettable floor space measured to external perimeter, but excluding columns and risers, and includes lift lobbies and the like.

42
Q

On S278, how did you price the traffic management works?

A

I firstly liaised closely with the PM, who walked through the proposed logistics of the works, in terms on road closures and timing of sections. Due to the specific nature of the works and project specific details, and lack of in house cost data, i contacted a specialist contractor for advice on costs, which they provided me.

43
Q

How did you quantify and price the foundations on Cromwell?

A

Strip foundations - assumed lengths and depths of strips and calculated a total volume, with a blended rate applied.
Piles i used previous in house data which had the average cost of piles per plot, so this was applied to the number of plots after ensuring i used the data correctly

44
Q

What VE options did you consider on IC7?

A

large mounted screen required structural supports, change to free standing screen.

45
Q

Why is a cost plan useful for a client?

A

It helps compile the budget for the project, and also aids in keeping the design within this budget to avoid design creep

Joes APC (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions