design movements

Question 1

what are the characteristics of streamlining?

Answer 1

smooth teardrop shape, futuristic design, designed to reduce drag/resistance, increase speed + efficiency

Question 2

what influenced the streamlining movement?

Answer 2

• aerodynamics derived from the advancing technologies in aviation and high speed transportation
• period of new materials and mass production

Question 3

who was a significant person in the streamlining design movement?

Answer 3

Raymond Loewy

Question 4

what was Raymond Loewy referred to as?

Answer 4

father of industrial design

Question 5

what did Raymond Loewy design and who for?

Answer 5

• interior living spaces for NASA
• cars, trains
• for Shell and BP

Question 6

what group formed within post modernism?

Answer 6

Memphis group

Question 7

who was the founder of the memphis group?

Answer 7

ettore sottsass

Question 8

what were the characteristics of the memphis group? but, what was a negative?

Answer 8

• vibrant, eccentric and ornamental
• it was ‘fad’ so quickly came to an end

Question 9

what is the philosophy behind the post modernism design movement?

Answer 9

began with architecture as a reaction against the perceived blandness and hostility of modernist architecture

Question 10

what are the characteristics of the post modernism movement?

Answer 10

humour and personality, ‘retro’ design, deconstruction

Question 11

who was a significant designer in the post modernism movement?

Answer 11

Philippe Starck

Question 12

what did Philippe Starck design?

Answer 12

mouse for Microsoft

Question 13

what is the philosophy of the art deco design movement?

Answer 13

• reaction to post war austerity

Question 14

when did art deco emerge?

Answer 14

in France in the 1920s

Question 15

what are the characteristics of art deco?

Answer 15

machine age (man made materials), geometric forms, primitive arts (ancient Egyptian), decadent, modern

Question 16

who was a significant designer in art deco?

Answer 16

eileen gray

Question 17

what did eileen gray design / do as a career(s)?

Answer 17

painter
lacquer work
furniture designer
interior decorator
architecture

Question 18

where was eileen gray born?

Answer 18

Ireland

Question 19

what is the influences of the art deco design movement?

Answer 19

• reflected widening needs of the contemporary world
• opulent, lavish style in response to human need for pleasure and escape

Question 20

what are the influences of the post modernism design movement?

Answer 20

• Memphis group
• expressive and individual

Question 21

what is the philosophy of the streamlining design movement?

Answer 21

• shaping an object to reduce the amount of drag / resistance
• consumerism and style
• celebrating speed and efficiency
• widened consumer choice

Question 22

what is the philosophy of the modernism design movement?

Answer 22

• ‘machine aesthetic’ of new technology and modern materials
• Bauhaus: school with Gropius appointed head of new institute following WWI (designed to develop new trained and multi-disciplined work with industry; later disbanded due to WWII)
• functionalism

Question 23

what are the influences of the modernism design movement?

Answer 23

• buildings should function as ‘machines for living in’ where architecture is treated as mass production (resulted in high rise flats with repetitive ‘cubes’)
• less is more: minimalism, open plan living spaces

Question 24

what is the style of the modernism design movement?

Answer 24

• form follows function
• simple, geometrically pure forms and clean lines
• everyday objects for everyday people (consumer goods that were functional, cheap and easily mass produced)
• reject decorative detail

Question 25

designer in the modernism design movement?

Answer 25

Marcel Breuer - stressed the combination of arts and technology

Question 26

what did Marcel Breuer design?

Answer 26

Wassily chair - revolutionary use of materials and methods of manufacturing (steel tubing)

Question 27

what is the philosophy of art nouveau?

Answer 27

- underlying principle of the concept of unity and harmony - decoration and architecture - name derives from interior design gallery opened in Paris

Question 28

influences of art nouveau?

Answer 28

- forms a bridge between arts and crafts and modernism - appreciated benefits of mass production but also new materials

Question 29

what is the style of art nouveau like?

Answer 29

- nature e.g sinuous, elongated, stylised flowers - the female form - other cultures e.g artefacts of Japan

Question 30

example of an art nouveau designer?

Answer 30

Charles Rennie Mackintosh

Question 31

what are examples of Charles Rennie Mackintosh’s work?

Answer 31

- WindyHill - The Hill House - incorporated strong right angles and floral inspired decorative motifs with subtle curves

Question 32

what is the philosophy of arts and crafts design movement?

Answer 32

- reaction against industrialisation - wanted to incorporate traditional craftsmanship and the lives of the ordinary working class - against mass produced items

Question 33

what are the influences of the arts and crafts design movement?

Answer 33

- traditional craftsmanship including weaving, carpentry and stained glass - ‘cottage’ industry - empowers the individual as a designer

Question 34

what are the styles of the arts and crafts design movement?

Answer 34

- simplicity - nature - colour and texture - natural forms and materials - splendour (unusual materials and precious metals)

Question 35

example of an arts and crafts designer?

Answer 35

William Morris

Question 36

what influenced William Morris’ designs?

Answer 36

his strong socialist beliefs

Question 37

where are arts and crafts designs reflected in the present day?

Answer 37

prints still in production - influenced the design style of Laura Ashley